具体描述
《现代汉语规范化教程》简介 一、本书概述与定位 《现代汉语规范化教程》是一部面向高等院校，尤其是文科、师范类专业学生以及对汉语规范化有较高要求的职场人士编写的权威性教材。本书立足于当代中国社会通行的语言规范，旨在系统梳理现代汉语的语音、词汇、语法、语用及书面表达等各个层面的标准与原则，帮助读者建立起科学、严谨的语言应用能力。 本书不局限于传统的语言学理论介绍，而是高度聚焦于“规范”这一核心主题。它清晰界定了“标准语”的边界与特征，深入剖析了当前语言生活中存在的“不规范现象”及其成因，并提供了切实可行的修正与运用策略。本书的编写遵循了语言学研究的最新成果，同时充分考虑了国家语委颁布的最新规范要求，确保内容的时效性与权威性。 二、内容结构与章节详解 全书共分为八个主要部分，层层递进，从基础规范延伸至复杂的语篇层面。 第一部分：导论——规范化理念与历史沿革 本部分首先界定了“规范化”在现代社会中的重要性，阐述了语言规范的社会功能与意义。它简要回顾了二十世纪以来，尤其是新中国成立后，国家在推广普通话、规范汉字使用方面所做的历史性努力。重点探讨了规范的“动态性”与“稳定性”之间的辩证关系，即如何在保持语言活力的同时，确立核心的稳定标准。 第二部分：语音规范：普通话的基石 本章是本书的基石之一。它详细讲解了以北京语音为标准音的普通话的声韵调系统。 声母与韵母： 详尽描绘了普通话的三十多个声母和二十四五个韵母的标准发音部位、方法和图示。特别关注了易混淆音（如前后鼻音、平翘舌音）的辨识与区分练习。 声调系统： 深入分析了四声的准确音高、起伏规律及变调现象（如“一”的变调、“不”的变调、轻声）。 语流中的规范： 重点讲解了变音、儿化音在规范语境下的使用界限，以及朗读和演讲中节奏、重音、停连的规范化处理，确保口语表达的清晰度和流畅性。 第三部分：词汇规范：审慎的用词之道 词汇部分着重于现代汉语常用词的辨析、选择与使用禁忌。 词义的精确辨识： 区分了近义词（如“发现”与“发明”，“依然”与“仍然”），强调在特定语境下选择最贴切词汇的重要性。 异形词与新词的规范处理： 依据最新的词典规范，对常见的异形词（如“的士”与“出租车”）给出了明确的推荐用法。同时，讨论了网络新词、外来词汇的收录原则与规范使用边界。 禁用语与歧义辨析： 详细列举了在正式场合应避免使用的陈旧用语、带有偏见色彩的词语以及容易引起语意模糊的搭配，引导读者提升用词的政治性和社会敏感度。 第四部分：语法规范：严谨的结构逻辑 语法规范是本书的核心难点与重点。它不再停留在基础的句法结构分析，而是侧重于规范语境下的结构选择。 语序与结构： 深入探讨了现代汉语中主要的语序规则，特别是状语、补语、定语在修饰成分位置上的规范要求，避免冗余或倒置带来的理解障碍。 句式的选择与优化： 对并列句、复句的逻辑连接词（关联词）的选择进行了详细规范，强调逻辑关系的准确性。同时，对比分析了主动句与被动句、肯定句与否定句在不同语境下的最优选择。 常见语法错误辨析： 专门辟章节解析了“搭配不当”、“成分残缺”、“一面对多面”等高频语法错误，并通过大量实例进行针对性训练。 第五部分：语用与修辞规范：得体的表达艺术 本章将语言的规范提升到交际层面，探讨如何在具体的语境中实现规范化的有效沟通。 语体风格的匹配： 区分了公文体、学术体、新闻体、口头报告体等不同语体的语言特征和规范要求，强调“语境适切性”。 称谓与得体性： 详细规范了不同身份、场合下的称谓用语（如职务称谓、亲属称谓、尊称等）的使用标准，体现交际中的尊重与分寸。 修辞手法的规范运用： 讨论了比喻、拟人、排比等修辞手法在规范性文本中的运用原则，避免过度夸张或失当的形象化表达。 第六部分：汉字规范与标点符号应用 本部分聚焦于书面表达的“硬规范”。 汉字规范化： 讲解楷书的基本笔画和结构规范，重点强调简体字的规范写法，并对异体字、简化字使用进行清晰界定。 标点符号的权威用法： 全面覆盖现行国家标准《标点符号用法》，对逗号、句号、引号、括号等在复杂句式中的使用细则进行深入解析，特别是针对分号、冒号在表示逻辑递进和并列关系时的精确使用。 第七部分：语篇构建与公文写作规范 此部分是将前述规范知识应用于实际写作的桥梁。 公文格式与语言： 详细介绍了报告、通知、请示等常见公文的标准格式要求，以及公文语言必须具备的准确性、简洁性、严肃性原则。 论证与逻辑链条： 教授如何构建清晰的论点、论据和论证过程，确保文本的逻辑推导无懈可击。 第八部分：现代汉语规范化前沿与实践 最后，本书展望了语言规范的未来发展趋势，包括信息技术对规范的影响，以及对外来语言的吸收与本土化的规范策略。同时，提供了大量的“规范自查清单”和“错误案例集锦”，供读者进行自我检测和反复练习。 三、适用对象 高等院校学生： 特别是汉语言文学、新闻传播、对外汉语、法学、行政管理等专业的核心课程教材。 公职人员与职场人士： 需要撰写规范性报告、公文或进行正式演讲的人员。 语言研究与教育工作者： 作为了解当代汉语规范标准的参考手册。 四、本书特色 1. 理论与实践高度结合： 不停留在空泛的规则阐述，每章均配有大量取自真实语境的“规范案例”与“反面教材”。 2. 工具书价值： 梳理了大量易混淆的规范点，可作为日常工作和学习中的快速查阅工具。 3. 强调语用得体性： 区别于单纯的语法书，本书更注重语言在特定社会场景下的交际效能与文化得体性。 4. 与最新标准接轨： 内容严格依据国家语言文字工作委员会发布的最新规范性文件和词典标准进行修订和阐释。
作者简介
目录信息
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sumnary of the Uses and Formatlon of the Engllsh Verb Tenses
The Active Voice of the Verb "To Show"
The Verb "To Be" Compared with the Passlve Volce of the Verb
"To Show"
Common Engllsh Irregular Verbs
CHAPTER l. The Simple Present of the Verb "to be"
1. Grammar
2. Verb Forms
3. Uses of the Simple Present Tense
4. The Simple Present of the Verb "to be"
a. Affirmative Statements
b. Questions
c. Negative Statements
d . Negative Questions
e. Tag Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER ll. The Slmple Present of Verbs Other than the Verb "to be"
l. The Formation of the Simple Present
a. The Simple Present of the Verb "to have"
2 Spe ling Rules for Adding "s" in the Third Person Singular
a. Verbs Endlng in "y"
b. Verbs Ending in "o"
c. Verbs Ending in "ch", "s", "sh", "x", or "z"
3. Pronunciation of the "es" Ending
4. The Auxiliary "do"
a. Questions
b. Negative Statements
c. Negative Questions
d. Tag Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER lll. The Present Continuous
1. Uses of the Present Continiious
2. Formation of the Present Continuous
3. Spelling Rules for the Formatlon of the Present Participle
a. Verbs Endlng in a Silent "e"
b. Verbs Ending in "ie"
c. One-Syllable Verbs Ending in a Slngle Consonant Preceded by a Slngle Vowel
d Verbs of More Than One Syllable Which End in a Single Consonant Preceded by a Single Vowel
4 Questions and Negative Statements
a. Questlons
b. Negative Statements
c. Negative Questlons
d. Tag Questions
5 Comparison of the Uses of the Simple Present and Present Continuous
Exercises
CHAPTER IV. The Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous
1. Use of the Present Perfect
2. Formation of the Present Perfect - Regular Verbs
3. SpeTling Rules for Adding "ed" to Form the Past Participle
a. Verbs Ending in a Silent "e"
b. Verbs Ending in "y"
c. Verbs Ending in a Single Consonant Preceded by a Single Vowel
4. Pronunciation of the "ed" Ending
5. Fonnation of the Present Perfect - irregular Verbs
6. Questions and Negative Statements
a. Questions
b, Negativc Stateroents
c. Negative Questions
d. Tag Questions
7 The Present Perfect Continuous
a. Use
b. Formation
c. Questions and Negative Statements
Exercises
CHAPTER V. The Slmple Past
1. Uses of the Simple Past
2. Formation of the Simple Past
a. The Verb "to be"
i.Questions and Negative Statements
b Other Verbs
i.Questions and Negative Statements
3. The Simple Past of "to use" Followed byan infim'tive
Exercises
CHAPTER Vl The Past Continuous, the Past Perfect, and the Past Perfect Contlnuous
1. Summary of the Uses of the English Tenses
2. The Past Continuous
a. Use
b. Fonnation
c. Questions and Negative Statements
3 The Past Perfect
a. Use
b. Fonnation
c. Questi'ons and Negative Statements
4 The Past Perfect Continuous
a. Use
b. Formation
c. Questions and Negative Statements
5 Summary of the Formation of the EngHsh Present and Past Tenses
6. Emphatlc Statements
Exerclses
CHAPTER Vll. The Future Tenses
1. The Simple Future
a. Use
b. Formation
c. Questions and Negatlve Statements
2. The Conjugation Expresslng Determlnatlon and Compulsion
3. The Present Contlnuous of "to go" Followed by an infinitive
4. The Future Contlnuous
a. Use
b. Formation
c. Questlons and Negative Statements
5 The Future Perfect
a. Use
b. Formatlon
c. Questions and Negatlve Statements
6 The Future Perfect Contlnuous
a. Use
b. Formatlon
c. Questlons and Negatlve Statements
7. Summary of the Formatlon of the EngHsh Future Tenses
8. Clauses
a. Coordlnate Clauses
b. Subordinate Clauses
c. The Past Perfect and the Slmple Past
d. The Use of the Present in Subordlnate Clauses to
Express Future Actions
Exerclses
CHAPTER Vlll. Conjugatlons Wlth the AuxlHary "Would"
1. Uses of the AuxlHary "Would"
2. Formation of Conjugatlons wlth the Auxlliary "Would"
a. The Slmple Conjugatlon wlth the Auxlllary "Would"
b. The Continuous Conjugatlon wlth the AuxlHary "Would"
c. The Perfect Conjugatlon wlth the AuxiHary "Would"
d. The Perfect Contlnuous Conjugatlon with the Auxlliary "Would"
3 Summary of the Formation of the Conjugatlons with the Auxlllary "Would"
4. The "Future in the Past"
Exerclses
CHAPTER iX. The Subjunctlve
1. Uses of the Subjunctive
2. Formatlon of the Subjunctive
3. Forinal Commands and Requests
4 Wishes
a. An Earlier Time
b. The Same Time
c. A Later Time
d. Summary of the Forms of the Verb Used in the Subordinate Clauses of Wishes
e. Use of the Auxiliary "Could" in Expressing Wishes
5 Conditions Which are False or improbable
a. Fonns of the Verb Used in the Main Clause
i. Actions Pertaim'ng to the Present or the Future
ii. Acti'ons Pertai'mng to the Past
iii. Summary of the Forms of the Verb Used in the Main Clauses of Statements Contaimng False or improbable Conditi'ons iv Use of the Auxiliary "Could" in Statements Contaimng False or improbable Conditions
b Fonns of the Subjunctive Used in the Subordinate Clause
i. Condi'tions Pertaining to the Present or the Future
ii. Conditions Pertaining to the Past
iii. Summary of the Forms of the Subjunctive Llsed in Subordinate Clauses Expressing False or improbable Conditions
c Changing a Statement Contaimng a Probable Condition into a Statement Contaim'ng an improbable Condition
6. The imperative Mood
Exercises
CHAPTER X. Modal Verbs
1. Formati'on of the Modal Conjugations
a. Questions
b. Negative Statements
c. Negative Questions
d. Tag Questions
2. Relationships Among the Modal Auxilian'es
3. "Can" and "Could"
4. "May", "Might", and "Must"
5. "Should"
6. Expressions Which are Synonymous with the Modal Auxiliaries
a. The Pronunciation of "have to"
7 The Use of Auxil ianes in Tag Questi'ons, Short Answers, and Ellipsis
a. Negati've Tag Questions
b. Affi'rmati've Tag Questi'ons
c. Short Answers
d. ETlipsis
Exercises
CHAPTER Xl. TransHlve and intransltlve Verbs
1. Direct Objects
2. "Lay" and "Lie", "Raise" and "Rise", and "Set" and "Sit"
a. "To Lay" and "To Lie"
b. "To Raise" and "To Rise"
c. "To Set" and "To Sit"
3. indirect Objects
Exerclses
CHAPTER Xll. The Passlve Volce
1. Use of the Passive Voice
2. Formation of the indicative Mood of the Passive Voice
a. The Simple Present indicative
b. The Other indi'cative Tenses
c. Summary of the Formation of the indicative Tenses of the Passive Voice
3 Questions and Negative Statements
a. Questions
b. Negatlve Statements
c. Negatlve Questions
4. Changing the Voice of a Verb
5. Changlng the Voice of a Verb while Preserving the Meam'ng of a Sentence
a Changing the Verb from the Active Voice to the Passive Voice
b Changing the Verb from the Passive Voice to the Active Voice
c Changing the Voice of a Verb whi'ch takes both a Direct Object and an indirect Object
6 The Subjunctive Mood of the Passive Voice
a. Use of the Simple Present Subjunctive
b. Use of the Past Forms of the Subjunctive
Exercises
CHAPTER Xlll. Nouns - The Fonnatlon of Plurals
1. Proper Nouns
2. Countable Nouns
3. The Formation of Plurals
a. Nouns Endlng i'n "ch", "s", "sh", "x", or "z"
b. Nouns Ending in "y"
c. Plurals of Proper Nouns
d. Nouns Ending in "f" or "fe"
e. Nouns Endlng in "o"
f. Forelgn Words
g. Hyphenated Nouns
h. Numbers and Letters
i. irregular Plurals
Exercises
CHAPTER XlV. Singular Countable Nouns
1. The Use of Deterimners with Singular Countable Nouns
2. "A" and "An"
3. The Use of "A" and "An" Before Singular Countable Nouns
a. A Weakened Forin of "One"
b. Nannng a Profession
c. Making a General Statement
d. Referring to Something Not Mentioned Before
e. "A" or "An" with the Meaning of "Per"
4 The Use of "The" Before Singular Countable Nouns
a. Referring to SometMng Mentioned Before
b. Refernng to Something Unique
c. Referring to Something When it is Considered Obvious What is Meant
d. Referring to Something as a Class
Exercises
CHAPTER XV. Plural Countable Nouns
l. The Absence of a Detei-nnner Before Plural Countable Nouns
a. Making a General Statement
b. Referring to Something Not Mentioned Before
c. Nannng a Profession
2 The Use of "The" Before Plural Countable Nouns
a. Referring to Something Mentioned Before
b. Refem'ng to Something When it i's Consi'dered Obvious What is Meant
c. Names of Nationalities
d. Adjectives Refem'ng to Classes of People
3 The Use of "The" with Proper Nouns
a. Names of People
b. Names of Places
4. Nouns Used Only i'n the Plural
Exercises
CHAPTER XVl. Uncountable Nouns
l. The Absence of a Deternn'ner Before Uncountable Nouns
a. Making a General Statement
b. Referring to Something Not Mentioned Before
2 The Use of "The" Before Uncountable Nouns
a. Referring to SometMng Mentioned Before
b. Referring to SometMng When it is Considered Obvious What is Meant
3. The Use of Uncountable Nouns to Refer to individual Things
4. Nouns Which Can be Either Countable or Uncountable
a. Differences in Meaning
b. Referring to a Type of Something
c. Referring to Places Used for Specific Activities
d. Names of Meals
5. infimtives Used in the Place of Nouns
6. Gerunds
7 Spcfic Verbs Followed by infinitives and Gerunds
a. Verbs Followed by infimtives
b. Verbs Followed by Either inflmtives or Gerunds
c. Verbs Followed by Gerunds
Exercises
CHAPTER XVH. Nouns indlcatlng Possesslon and Compound Subjects
l. Ways in Which Possession is indicated
a. The Ending 's
b. The Ending s'
c. Phrases Beginm'ng with "of"
d. Two Consecutive Nouns
2 Agreement of Verbs with Collective Nouns and Compound Subjects
a. Collecti've Nouns
b. Amounts Considered as a Whole
c. Compound Subjects
i. Compound Subjects with "And"
n. Compound Subjects with "Or" or "Nor"
d. Nouns Followed by Descnptive Phrases
Exercises
CHAPTER XVlll. Personal Pronouns
1. The Subjective Case
2. Agreement of Personal Pronouns with Their Antecedents
a. Male and Female Antecedents
b. Singul.ar and Plural Antecedents
c. Human and Non-Human Antecedents
3. Special Uses of "it"
4. The Objective Case
5. Possessive Personal Pronouns
a. Possessive Adjectives
i. Possessive Adjectives Used with Gerunds
b. Possessive Pronouns
6. Reflexive Pronouns
Exercises
CHAPTER XlX. Other Pronouns
1. indefimte Pronouns
a. The Use of "One" in General Statements
2. Reciprocal Pronouns
3. Demonstrative Pronouns
4. interrogative Pronouns
a. Di'rect Questions
b . The Pronoun "Who"
i. "Who"
ii. "Whom"
iii. "Whose"
c "What" and "Which"
d indirect Questions
i. interrogative Word as the Subject
ii. interrogative Word as the Object of a Verb or Preposition
iii. The Verb "to be"
5 Relative Pronouns
a. Defining and Non-defining Relative Clauses
i. Non-defining Relati've Clauses
n. Defimng Relative Clauses
b. "That"
c. "Which"
d. "Who", "Whom", and "Whose"
e. Compan'son of the Use of "That", "Mhich", and "Who"vf. Other Relative Pronouns
Exercises
CHAPTER XX. Determiners
1. Deternnners Used to Refer to Groups of Two Persons or Things
2. Determiners Used as Singular Pronouns
3. The Use of "No", "None", and "Not"
4. The Use of "Some" and "Any"
5. The Use of "Another-", "Other", "Others", and "Else"
6. The Use of "Only"
7. The Use of "Few", "Little", and "SeveraT'
8. The Expressions "Such ... That", "So ... That", and "Too"
a. "Such ... That"
b. "So ... That"
c. "Too"
Exercises
CHAPTER XXl. Adjectives - Position in a Sentence
1. Proper Adjectives
2. Attribut-ive Adjectives
a. Order of Attributive Adjectives
i. Determiners
ii. General Descriptive Adjectives
iii. Adjectives indicating Color
iv. Adjecti'ves indicating Materials
v. The Position of Proper Adjectives
vi. Defim'ng Adjectives
vii. Ordinal Adjectives
b. Punctuation Used with Attn'butive Adjectives
c. Stress Used with Attributive Adjectives
i. Adjectives indicating Materials
ii. Defining Adjectives indicati'ng Location or Tiine m'. Defining Adjectives indi'cating Purpose
3.Predicate Adjectives
a. Attributive Adjectives WhichCan be Used as Predicate Adjectives
i. Order
ii. Punctuation
b Adjectives Which Can be Used Only as Predicate Adjectives
c. Llnking Verbs
4. interpolated Adjectives
5. Adjectlval Phrases and Clauses
6. Participles Used as Adjectives
a. Present Particlples
b. Past Partldples
c. Dang'Mng Particlples
d. Past Partidples which Follow the Verb "to be"
Exercises
CHAPTER XXH. Adjectlves - Comparison: Part l
l. Positive Forms of Adjectives Preceded and Followed by "As"
a. The Positive Form Combined with a Noun
b. The Use of Ellipsis
c. The Use of the Subjectlve Case
2 Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives Which Use Endings
a. Comparative Forms of Adjectives Which Use Endings
i. Spelling Rules
ii. Irregular Adjectives
iii. The Comparative Form Followed by "Than"
iv. The Comparative Form FoTlowed by a Noun, Followed by "Than"
v. The Use of Enipsis
vi. The Use of the Subjective Case
vii. Progressive Comparlsons
b. Superlative Forms of Adjectives Whi'ch Use Endings
i. SpeTling Rules
ii. irregular Adjectlves
i. The Superlatlve Form Preceded by "The"
iv. The Use of Enipsis
v. The Comparlson of One of More Things With a Group
Exercises
CHAPTER XXlll. Adjectlves - Comparlson: Part ll
l. Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives Which do Not Use Endings
a. Comparative Forms - The Use of "More"
i. The Comparative Form Followed by "Than"
ii. Progressive Comparlsons
b The Use of "Less"
i. The Construction "Less ... Than"
ii. The Construction "Not As ... As"
iii. The Construction "Less and Less"
c. Superlative Forms
2 The Adjectives "Many", "Much", "Few", and "Little"Used to Compare Quantities
a. The Use of "Many", "Much", "Few", and "Little" with CountabTe and Uncountable Nouns
b. Synonyms for "Many" and "Much"
c. Positlve Forms Used in Comparisons
d. Comparative Forms Used in Comparisons
e. Superlative Forms Used in Comparisons
3 The Adjectives "Similar", "Different", and "Same" Used in Comparisons
4. Making Logical Comparisons
Exercises
CHAPTER XXlV. Adverbs - Posltlon in a Sentence
l. Adverbs Whi'ch Modify Adjectives and Other Adverbs
a. intensifiers
2 Adverbs Which Modify Verbs
a. Adverbs of Frequency
b. Adverbs of Time
c. Adverbs of Manner
d. Connecting Adverbs
e. Adverb Phrases and Clauses of Purpose
f. Adverbs of Location
g. Negati've Adverbs
3. interrogative Adverbs
Exercises
CHAPTER XXV. Adverbs of Manner and Adverbs Used in Comparlsons
l. Adverbs of Manner
a. Spelli'ng Rules for Addlng "ly"
i. Adjectives Ending in "ic"
n. Adjectives Ending in "ie"
in. Adjectives Ending in "ii"
iv. Adjectives Ending in "ue"
v. Adjectives Ending in "y"
b. Adverbs Which Do Not Use the Ending "ly"
c. The Differing Functions of Adjectives and Adverbs
i Adjectives Which Modify Nouns and Adverbs Which Modify Verbs
ii Adjectives Which Modify Nouns and Adverbs Which Modify Verbs
iii Predicate Adjectives Which Modify the Subjects of Verbs and Adverbs Which Modify Verbs
2 Adverbs Used in Comparisons
a. The Formation of Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adverbs
i. Adverbs Used With "More" and "Most"
ii. Adverbs Used With the Endings "er" and "est"
iii. irregular Adverbs
b Posltive Forms of Adverbs Used in Comparisons
i. The Construction With "As ... As"
H. Ellipsis
c Comparative Forms of Adverbs Used in Comparlsons
i. The Construction With "Than"
H. Progresslve Comparlsons
Hl. The Constructlon With "Less and Less"
iv. The Construction With "The ..., the ..."
d Superlatlve Forms of Adverbs Used in Comparlsons
l. The .Construction With "The"
n. The Construction With "The Least"
Exercises
CHAPTER XXVl. Preposltlons
1. The Meamngs of Prepositions
2. idloms Beginm'ng With Prepositlons
3. Nouns Followed by Prepositlons
4. Adject-ives, and Verbs in the Passive Voice, Followed by Prepositions
5. Verbs Followed by Prepositions
Exercises
CHAPTER XXVH. Phrasal Verbs
l. Phrasal Verbs Consisting of a Verb Followed by a Prepositi'on
a. The Position of the Object of the Preposition
b. The Position of an Adverb of Manner Modifying the Verb
c. Stress in Spoken English
d. Expressions in Which the Verb Has an Object
2.Phrasal Verbs Conslsting of a Verb Followed by an Adverb
a. The Position of the Object of the Verb
b. The PosTtion of an Adverb of Manner Modlfying the Verb
c. Stress in Spoken English
d. Ergative Verbs
3 Dlstinginshing Between Verbs Followed by Prepositions and Verbs Followed by Adverbs
4 Phrasal Verbs Consisting of a Verb Followed by a Word Whi'ch Can Function Either as an Adverb or as a Preposition
a. Expressions in Which the Verb Has an Object
5 Phrasal Verbs Consistlng of a Verb Followed by an Adverb Followed by a Preposltion
a. Expressions in Which the Verb Has an Object
Exercises
CHAPTER XXVlll. Conjunctions
1. Coordinate Conjunctions
2. Correlative Conjunctions
3. Subordinate Conjunctions
4. Connecting Adverbs
a. Stress and Punctuation
b. Connecting Adverbs Used to Connect Sentences
c. Position in a Clause
d. Examples of Connecting Adverbs
5. Parallel Construction
Exercises
Answers to the Exerdses
· · · · · · (收起)
Sumnary of the Uses and Formatlon of the Engllsh Verb Tenses
The Active Voice of the Verb "To Show"
The Verb "To Be" Compared with the Passlve Volce of the Verb
"To Show"
Common Engllsh Irregular Verbs
CHAPTER l. The Simple Present of the Verb "to be"
1. Grammar
2. Verb Forms
3. Uses of the Simple Present Tense
4. The Simple Present of the Verb "to be"
a. Affirmative Statements
b. Questions
c. Negative Statements
d . Negative Questions
e. Tag Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER ll. The Slmple Present of Verbs Other than the Verb "to be"
l. The Formation of the Simple Present
a. The Simple Present of the Verb "to have"
2 Spe ling Rules for Adding "s" in the Third Person Singular
a. Verbs Endlng in "y"
b. Verbs Ending in "o"
c. Verbs Ending in "ch", "s", "sh", "x", or "z"
3. Pronunciation of the "es" Ending
4. The Auxiliary "do"
a. Questions
b. Negative Statements
c. Negative Questions
d. Tag Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER lll. The Present Continuous
1. Uses of the Present Continiious
2. Formation of the Present Continuous
3. Spelling Rules for the Formatlon of the Present Participle
a. Verbs Endlng in a Silent "e"
b. Verbs Ending in "ie"
c. One-Syllable Verbs Ending in a Slngle Consonant Preceded by a Slngle Vowel
d Verbs of More Than One Syllable Which End in a Single Consonant Preceded by a Single Vowel
4 Questions and Negative Statements
a. Questlons
b. Negative Statements
c. Negative Questlons
d. Tag Questions
5 Comparison of the Uses of the Simple Present and Present Continuous
Exercises
CHAPTER IV. The Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous
1. Use of the Present Perfect
2. Formation of the Present Perfect - Regular Verbs
3. SpeTling Rules for Adding "ed" to Form the Past Participle
a. Verbs Ending in a Silent "e"
b. Verbs Ending in "y"
c. Verbs Ending in a Single Consonant Preceded by a Single Vowel
4. Pronunciation of the "ed" Ending
5. Fonnation of the Present Perfect - irregular Verbs
6. Questions and Negative Statements
a. Questions
b, Negativc Stateroents
c. Negative Questions
d. Tag Questions
7 The Present Perfect Continuous
a. Use
b. Formation
c. Questions and Negative Statements
Exercises
CHAPTER V. The Slmple Past
1. Uses of the Simple Past
2. Formation of the Simple Past
a. The Verb "to be"
i.Questions and Negative Statements
b Other Verbs
i.Questions and Negative Statements
3. The Simple Past of "to use" Followed byan infim'tive
Exercises
CHAPTER Vl The Past Continuous, the Past Perfect, and the Past Perfect Contlnuous
1. Summary of the Uses of the English Tenses
2. The Past Continuous
a. Use
b. Fonnation
c. Questions and Negative Statements
3 The Past Perfect
a. Use
b. Fonnation
c. Questi'ons and Negative Statements
4 The Past Perfect Continuous
a. Use
b. Formation
c. Questions and Negative Statements
5 Summary of the Formation of the EngHsh Present and Past Tenses
6. Emphatlc Statements
Exerclses
CHAPTER Vll. The Future Tenses
1. The Simple Future
a. Use
b. Formation
c. Questions and Negatlve Statements
2. The Conjugation Expresslng Determlnatlon and Compulsion
3. The Present Contlnuous of "to go" Followed by an infinitive
4. The Future Contlnuous
a. Use
b. Formation
c. Questlons and Negative Statements
5 The Future Perfect
a. Use
b. Formatlon
c. Questions and Negatlve Statements
6 The Future Perfect Contlnuous
a. Use
b. Formatlon
c. Questlons and Negatlve Statements
7. Summary of the Formatlon of the EngHsh Future Tenses
8. Clauses
a. Coordlnate Clauses
b. Subordinate Clauses
c. The Past Perfect and the Slmple Past
d. The Use of the Present in Subordlnate Clauses to
Express Future Actions
Exerclses
CHAPTER Vlll. Conjugatlons Wlth the AuxlHary "Would"
1. Uses of the AuxlHary "Would"
2. Formation of Conjugatlons wlth the Auxlliary "Would"
a. The Slmple Conjugatlon wlth the Auxlllary "Would"
b. The Continuous Conjugatlon wlth the AuxlHary "Would"
c. The Perfect Conjugatlon wlth the AuxiHary "Would"
d. The Perfect Contlnuous Conjugatlon with the Auxlliary "Would"
3 Summary of the Formation of the Conjugatlons with the Auxlllary "Would"
4. The "Future in the Past"
Exerclses
CHAPTER iX. The Subjunctlve
1. Uses of the Subjunctive
2. Formatlon of the Subjunctive
3. Forinal Commands and Requests
4 Wishes
a. An Earlier Time
b. The Same Time
c. A Later Time
d. Summary of the Forms of the Verb Used in the Subordinate Clauses of Wishes
e. Use of the Auxiliary "Could" in Expressing Wishes
5 Conditions Which are False or improbable
a. Fonns of the Verb Used in the Main Clause
i. Actions Pertaim'ng to the Present or the Future
ii. Acti'ons Pertai'mng to the Past
iii. Summary of the Forms of the Verb Used in the Main Clauses of Statements Contaimng False or improbable Conditi'ons iv Use of the Auxiliary "Could" in Statements Contaimng False or improbable Conditions
b Fonns of the Subjunctive Used in the Subordinate Clause
i. Condi'tions Pertaining to the Present or the Future
ii. Conditions Pertaining to the Past
iii. Summary of the Forms of the Subjunctive Llsed in Subordinate Clauses Expressing False or improbable Conditions
c Changing a Statement Contaimng a Probable Condition into a Statement Contaim'ng an improbable Condition
6. The imperative Mood
Exercises
CHAPTER X. Modal Verbs
1. Formati'on of the Modal Conjugations
a. Questions
b. Negative Statements
c. Negative Questions
d. Tag Questions
2. Relationships Among the Modal Auxilian'es
3. "Can" and "Could"
4. "May", "Might", and "Must"
5. "Should"
6. Expressions Which are Synonymous with the Modal Auxiliaries
a. The Pronunciation of "have to"
7 The Use of Auxil ianes in Tag Questi'ons, Short Answers, and Ellipsis
a. Negati've Tag Questions
b. Affi'rmati've Tag Questi'ons
c. Short Answers
d. ETlipsis
Exercises
CHAPTER Xl. TransHlve and intransltlve Verbs
1. Direct Objects
2. "Lay" and "Lie", "Raise" and "Rise", and "Set" and "Sit"
a. "To Lay" and "To Lie"
b. "To Raise" and "To Rise"
c. "To Set" and "To Sit"
3. indirect Objects
Exerclses
CHAPTER Xll. The Passlve Volce
1. Use of the Passive Voice
2. Formation of the indicative Mood of the Passive Voice
a. The Simple Present indicative
b. The Other indi'cative Tenses
c. Summary of the Formation of the indicative Tenses of the Passive Voice
3 Questions and Negative Statements
a. Questions
b. Negatlve Statements
c. Negatlve Questions
4. Changing the Voice of a Verb
5. Changlng the Voice of a Verb while Preserving the Meam'ng of a Sentence
a Changing the Verb from the Active Voice to the Passive Voice
b Changing the Verb from the Passive Voice to the Active Voice
c Changing the Voice of a Verb whi'ch takes both a Direct Object and an indirect Object
6 The Subjunctive Mood of the Passive Voice
a. Use of the Simple Present Subjunctive
b. Use of the Past Forms of the Subjunctive
Exercises
CHAPTER Xlll. Nouns - The Fonnatlon of Plurals
1. Proper Nouns
2. Countable Nouns
3. The Formation of Plurals
a. Nouns Endlng i'n "ch", "s", "sh", "x", or "z"
b. Nouns Ending in "y"
c. Plurals of Proper Nouns
d. Nouns Ending in "f" or "fe"
e. Nouns Endlng in "o"
f. Forelgn Words
g. Hyphenated Nouns
h. Numbers and Letters
i. irregular Plurals
Exercises
CHAPTER XlV. Singular Countable Nouns
1. The Use of Deterimners with Singular Countable Nouns
2. "A" and "An"
3. The Use of "A" and "An" Before Singular Countable Nouns
a. A Weakened Forin of "One"
b. Nannng a Profession
c. Making a General Statement
d. Referring to Something Not Mentioned Before
e. "A" or "An" with the Meaning of "Per"
4 The Use of "The" Before Singular Countable Nouns
a. Referring to SometMng Mentioned Before
b. Refernng to Something Unique
c. Referring to Something When it is Considered Obvious What is Meant
d. Referring to Something as a Class
Exercises
CHAPTER XV. Plural Countable Nouns
l. The Absence of a Detei-nnner Before Plural Countable Nouns
a. Making a General Statement
b. Referring to Something Not Mentioned Before
c. Nannng a Profession
2 The Use of "The" Before Plural Countable Nouns
a. Referring to Something Mentioned Before
b. Refem'ng to Something When it i's Consi'dered Obvious What is Meant
c. Names of Nationalities
d. Adjectives Refem'ng to Classes of People
3 The Use of "The" with Proper Nouns
a. Names of People
b. Names of Places
4. Nouns Used Only i'n the Plural
Exercises
CHAPTER XVl. Uncountable Nouns
l. The Absence of a Deternn'ner Before Uncountable Nouns
a. Making a General Statement
b. Referring to Something Not Mentioned Before
2 The Use of "The" Before Uncountable Nouns
a. Referring to SometMng Mentioned Before
b. Referring to SometMng When it is Considered Obvious What is Meant
3. The Use of Uncountable Nouns to Refer to individual Things
4. Nouns Which Can be Either Countable or Uncountable
a. Differences in Meaning
b. Referring to a Type of Something
c. Referring to Places Used for Specific Activities
d. Names of Meals
5. infimtives Used in the Place of Nouns
6. Gerunds
7 Spcfic Verbs Followed by infinitives and Gerunds
a. Verbs Followed by infimtives
b. Verbs Followed by Either inflmtives or Gerunds
c. Verbs Followed by Gerunds
Exercises
CHAPTER XVH. Nouns indlcatlng Possesslon and Compound Subjects
l. Ways in Which Possession is indicated
a. The Ending 's
b. The Ending s'
c. Phrases Beginm'ng with "of"
d. Two Consecutive Nouns
2 Agreement of Verbs with Collective Nouns and Compound Subjects
a. Collecti've Nouns
b. Amounts Considered as a Whole
c. Compound Subjects
i. Compound Subjects with "And"
n. Compound Subjects with "Or" or "Nor"
d. Nouns Followed by Descnptive Phrases
Exercises
CHAPTER XVlll. Personal Pronouns
1. The Subjective Case
2. Agreement of Personal Pronouns with Their Antecedents
a. Male and Female Antecedents
b. Singul.ar and Plural Antecedents
c. Human and Non-Human Antecedents
3. Special Uses of "it"
4. The Objective Case
5. Possessive Personal Pronouns
a. Possessive Adjectives
i. Possessive Adjectives Used with Gerunds
b. Possessive Pronouns
6. Reflexive Pronouns
Exercises
CHAPTER XlX. Other Pronouns
1. indefimte Pronouns
a. The Use of "One" in General Statements
2. Reciprocal Pronouns
3. Demonstrative Pronouns
4. interrogative Pronouns
a. Di'rect Questions
b . The Pronoun "Who"
i. "Who"
ii. "Whom"
iii. "Whose"
c "What" and "Which"
d indirect Questions
i. interrogative Word as the Subject
ii. interrogative Word as the Object of a Verb or Preposition
iii. The Verb "to be"
5 Relative Pronouns
a. Defining and Non-defining Relative Clauses
i. Non-defining Relati've Clauses
n. Defimng Relative Clauses
b. "That"
c. "Which"
d. "Who", "Whom", and "Whose"
e. Compan'son of the Use of "That", "Mhich", and "Who"vf. Other Relative Pronouns
Exercises
CHAPTER XX. Determiners
1. Deternnners Used to Refer to Groups of Two Persons or Things
2. Determiners Used as Singular Pronouns
3. The Use of "No", "None", and "Not"
4. The Use of "Some" and "Any"
5. The Use of "Another-", "Other", "Others", and "Else"
6. The Use of "Only"
7. The Use of "Few", "Little", and "SeveraT'
8. The Expressions "Such ... That", "So ... That", and "Too"
a. "Such ... That"
b. "So ... That"
c. "Too"
Exercises
CHAPTER XXl. Adjectives - Position in a Sentence
1. Proper Adjectives
2. Attribut-ive Adjectives
a. Order of Attributive Adjectives
i. Determiners
ii. General Descriptive Adjectives
iii. Adjectives indicating Color
iv. Adjecti'ves indicating Materials
v. The Position of Proper Adjectives
vi. Defim'ng Adjectives
vii. Ordinal Adjectives
b. Punctuation Used with Attn'butive Adjectives
c. Stress Used with Attributive Adjectives
i. Adjectives indicating Materials
ii. Defining Adjectives indicati'ng Location or Tiine m'. Defining Adjectives indi'cating Purpose
3.Predicate Adjectives
a. Attributive Adjectives WhichCan be Used as Predicate Adjectives
i. Order
ii. Punctuation
b Adjectives Which Can be Used Only as Predicate Adjectives
c. Llnking Verbs
4. interpolated Adjectives
5. Adjectlval Phrases and Clauses
6. Participles Used as Adjectives
a. Present Particlples
b. Past Partldples
c. Dang'Mng Particlples
d. Past Partidples which Follow the Verb "to be"
Exercises
CHAPTER XXH. Adjectlves - Comparison: Part l
l. Positive Forms of Adjectives Preceded and Followed by "As"
a. The Positive Form Combined with a Noun
b. The Use of Ellipsis
c. The Use of the Subjectlve Case
2 Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives Which Use Endings
a. Comparative Forms of Adjectives Which Use Endings
i. Spelling Rules
ii. Irregular Adjectives
iii. The Comparative Form Followed by "Than"
iv. The Comparative Form FoTlowed by a Noun, Followed by "Than"
v. The Use of Enipsis
vi. The Use of the Subjective Case
vii. Progressive Comparlsons
b. Superlative Forms of Adjectives Whi'ch Use Endings
i. SpeTling Rules
ii. irregular Adjectlves
i. The Superlatlve Form Preceded by "The"
iv. The Use of Enipsis
v. The Comparlson of One of More Things With a Group
Exercises
CHAPTER XXlll. Adjectlves - Comparlson: Part ll
l. Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives Which do Not Use Endings
a. Comparative Forms - The Use of "More"
i. The Comparative Form Followed by "Than"
ii. Progressive Comparlsons
b The Use of "Less"
i. The Construction "Less ... Than"
ii. The Construction "Not As ... As"
iii. The Construction "Less and Less"
c. Superlative Forms
2 The Adjectives "Many", "Much", "Few", and "Little"Used to Compare Quantities
a. The Use of "Many", "Much", "Few", and "Little" with CountabTe and Uncountable Nouns
b. Synonyms for "Many" and "Much"
c. Positlve Forms Used in Comparisons
d. Comparative Forms Used in Comparisons
e. Superlative Forms Used in Comparisons
3 The Adjectives "Similar", "Different", and "Same" Used in Comparisons
4. Making Logical Comparisons
Exercises
CHAPTER XXlV. Adverbs - Posltlon in a Sentence
l. Adverbs Whi'ch Modify Adjectives and Other Adverbs
a. intensifiers
2 Adverbs Which Modify Verbs
a. Adverbs of Frequency
b. Adverbs of Time
c. Adverbs of Manner
d. Connecting Adverbs
e. Adverb Phrases and Clauses of Purpose
f. Adverbs of Location
g. Negati've Adverbs
3. interrogative Adverbs
Exercises
CHAPTER XXV. Adverbs of Manner and Adverbs Used in Comparlsons
l. Adverbs of Manner
a. Spelli'ng Rules for Addlng "ly"
i. Adjectives Ending in "ic"
n. Adjectives Ending in "ie"
in. Adjectives Ending in "ii"
iv. Adjectives Ending in "ue"
v. Adjectives Ending in "y"
b. Adverbs Which Do Not Use the Ending "ly"
c. The Differing Functions of Adjectives and Adverbs
i Adjectives Which Modify Nouns and Adverbs Which Modify Verbs
ii Adjectives Which Modify Nouns and Adverbs Which Modify Verbs
iii Predicate Adjectives Which Modify the Subjects of Verbs and Adverbs Which Modify Verbs
2 Adverbs Used in Comparisons
a. The Formation of Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adverbs
i. Adverbs Used With "More" and "Most"
ii. Adverbs Used With the Endings "er" and "est"
iii. irregular Adverbs
b Posltive Forms of Adverbs Used in Comparisons
i. The Construction With "As ... As"
H. Ellipsis
c Comparative Forms of Adverbs Used in Comparlsons
i. The Construction With "Than"
H. Progresslve Comparlsons
Hl. The Constructlon With "Less and Less"
iv. The Construction With "The ..., the ..."
d Superlatlve Forms of Adverbs Used in Comparlsons
l. The .Construction With "The"
n. The Construction With "The Least"
Exercises
CHAPTER XXVl. Preposltlons
1. The Meamngs of Prepositions
2. idloms Beginm'ng With Prepositlons
3. Nouns Followed by Prepositlons
4. Adject-ives, and Verbs in the Passive Voice, Followed by Prepositions
5. Verbs Followed by Prepositions
Exercises
CHAPTER XXVH. Phrasal Verbs
l. Phrasal Verbs Consisting of a Verb Followed by a Prepositi'on
a. The Position of the Object of the Preposition
b. The Position of an Adverb of Manner Modifying the Verb
c. Stress in Spoken English
d. Expressions in Which the Verb Has an Object
2.Phrasal Verbs Conslsting of a Verb Followed by an Adverb
a. The Position of the Object of the Verb
b. The PosTtion of an Adverb of Manner Modlfying the Verb
c. Stress in Spoken English
d. Ergative Verbs
3 Dlstinginshing Between Verbs Followed by Prepositions and Verbs Followed by Adverbs
4 Phrasal Verbs Consisting of a Verb Followed by a Word Whi'ch Can Function Either as an Adverb or as a Preposition
a. Expressions in Which the Verb Has an Object
5 Phrasal Verbs Consistlng of a Verb Followed by an Adverb Followed by a Preposltion
a. Expressions in Which the Verb Has an Object
Exercises
CHAPTER XXVlll. Conjunctions
1. Coordinate Conjunctions
2. Correlative Conjunctions
3. Subordinate Conjunctions
4. Connecting Adverbs
a. Stress and Punctuation
b. Connecting Adverbs Used to Connect Sentences
c. Position in a Clause
d. Examples of Connecting Adverbs
5. Parallel Construction
Exercises
Answers to the Exerdses
· · · · · · (收起)
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这本书的厚度让人望而生畏，但一旦沉下心来阅读，就会发现它的内容密度极其惊人，每一页都塞满了干货。我特别想提一下它在处理“代词的指代问题”这一复杂话题上的处理方式。在很多教材中，代词指代模糊是大家公认的难点，这本书则提供了一套非常实用的“回溯链条”分析法，教你如何清晰地构建指代关系，避免歧义。这对于我这种经常需要翻译复杂英文技术文档的人来说，是立竿见影的帮助。更重要的是，本书的练习题并非孤立存在，而是与理论讲解紧密结合，通常是看完一个小的语法模块后，马上就会有针对性的练习来巩固，这种即学即用的设计，大大加快了知识的吸收速度。我曾尝试过许多语法“速成”工具，但最终都发现它们只能解决表面问题。而这本书，它强迫你去思考英语的底层逻辑，比如为什么定语从句前置比后置更具修饰力度，或者状语从句在句子不同位置对主句信息的影响。它不是在教你如何“应试”，而是在培养你像英语母语者一样构建复杂思维的能力，这是一种质的飞跃。
评分我是一个通过听力和口语自学成才的英语学习者，语法对我来说一直是个软肋，每次想深入交流或写作时，总感觉自己像是踩着地雷走路，生怕用错哪个动词形式。拿到这本语法书，我抱着试一试的心态开始阅读，结果发现它居然能把那些抽象的概念讲得像故事一样引人入胜。最让我眼前一亮的是它对于“语态”的讲解，作者没有纠结于主被动语态的死板规则，而是从“信息焦点”和“强调重点”的角度去阐释，一下子就理解了为什么在特定语境下，被动语态才是更自然、更地道的选择。这种“为什么”的解释，远比“是什么”的规则堆砌要有效得多。书中的例句选择也非常贴近现代生活和学术前沿，不像有些老教材里充斥着“玛丽去买苹果”这种过时的场景。此外，这本书的“自我检测”环节设计得非常人性化，它不只是告诉你对错，还会附带对错误选项的详细剖析，让你清楚地知道自己错在哪里，以及正确的逻辑是什么。这套书的体量虽然大，但因为逻辑组织得极其严密，阅读体验反而非常流畅，感觉每翻过一页，自己的英语“内功”就深厚了一层。
评分这本书简直是英语学习者的一剂猛药，特别是对于那些常年徘徊在中级水平、感觉瓶颈难以突破的人来说。我拿到这本书时，首先被它厚实的篇幅所震撼，这绝对不是一本泛泛而谈的入门指南，而是真正深入到骨髓里的专业手册。作者在讲解每一个语法点时，都没有停留在枯燥的规则罗列上，而是非常精妙地结合了大量的真实语料和辨析，比如对“时态的完成进行时”和“虚拟语气”的细致剖析，简直是庖丁解牛般精准。我记得有一次，我一直搞不清’have been doing’和’had been doing’在不同语境下的微妙差别，这本书用了一整章的篇幅，配上清晰的图表和对比例句，瞬间就让我茅塞顿开。更值得称赞的是，它对“非谓语动词”的处理方式，不再是简单的分类说明，而是深入探讨了它们在句子成分转换中的灵活性和逻辑关系，这极大地提升了我阅读复杂句子的能力。这本书的排版也很有意思，主干知识点非常清晰，而那些疑难杂症则被巧妙地隐藏在“深度解析”或“常见误区”的框格里，需要你主动去挖掘，这很适合那些有一定基础，追求精益求精的读者。如果你指望通过它快速学会“你好”怎么说，那可能会让你失望，但如果你想真正吃透英语这门语言的内在结构，这本书无疑是你书架上不可或缺的镇山之宝。
评分老实说，我过去总是在“理解”和“掌握”之间摇摆不定，很多语法规则看过就忘，或者在实际使用中总是卡壳。这本《英语语法详解及练习》的独特价值在于其近乎“百科全书式”的覆盖面和对“语用学”的重视。它不仅仅关注结构正确性，更深入探讨了特定语法结构在不同社交场景下的适用性。比如，它在讲解“情态动词”时，不仅列举了‘must’和’have to’的区别，还加入了大量关于语气强弱、说话人主观判断的分析，这让我在日常交流中，能够更准确地表达自己的把握程度。对于那些被各种“例外”搞糊涂的读者，这本书提供的“归纳总结”部分非常具有价值，它将看似零散的知识点整合归类，形成一个清晰的判断框架，帮你快速定位问题所在。我发现，这本书的讲解风格非常沉稳、理性，没有夸张的宣传语，完全依靠扎实的理论支撑和海量的实例来证明其有效性。它就像一位耐心且知识渊博的导师，一步步引导你拆解语言的复杂结构，直到你能够自信地进行搭建。这本书的价值，在于它为你建立了一套坚不可摧的语法认知体系，让你从根本上消除对英语语法的恐惧。
评分说实话，我本来对市面上那些“语法大全”类的书籍持保留态度的，总觉得它们要么是拼凑，要么就是把高中课本的内容重新包装了一下。然而，这本《英语语法详解及练习》彻底颠覆了我的看法，它更像是一位经验极其丰富的老教授的私家笔记，充满了洞察力和对语言本质的深刻理解。我尤其欣赏它在处理“从句嵌套”和“复杂介词短语”时的系统性。很多语法书会分开讲解，搞得读者头脑混乱，但这本书却构建了一个清晰的知识网络，展示了不同结构是如何相互依存、相互影响的。比如，它在解释定语从句时，不是简单地教你用who/which/that，而是深入剖析了限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在语意传递上的巨大差异，并用实际的修改范例说明了如何通过调整从句来达到更精确的表达目的。练习部分的设计也极其巧妙，它们不是那种让你填空了事的基础题，而是大量要求进行句子改写、结构转换或逻辑判断的开放式题目，迫使你必须在实际运用中巩固所学。对于我这种需要撰写学术报告的人来说，这本书提供的关于“正式语体”和“非正式语体”的语法差异指导，简直是救星，让我能够更自信地驾驭不同场合的语言风格。
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