Simple Heuristics in a Social World pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載2025

- Generalization of the research program on fast and frugal heuristics to the social world

- The book is the part of a trilogy: (1) Gigerenzer, Todd, & ABC Research Group (1999). Simple heuristics that make us smart. OUP (2) Todd, Gigerenzer, & ABC Research Group (2011). Ecological rationality: Intelligence in the world. OUP.

- Interdisciplinary group of authors (psychologists, economists, behavioral ecologists, political scientists, philosophers)

- Includes "hot" topics such as medical decision making, decision making among children, social networks, the problem of segregation, mate choice, moral reasoning and behavior

Simple Heuristics in a Social World invites readers to discover the simple heuristics that people use to navigate the complexities and surprises of environments populated with others. The social world is a terrain where humans and other animals compete with conspecifics for myriad resources, including food, mates, and status, and where rivals grant the decision maker little time for deep thought, protracted information search, or complex calculations. Yet, the social world also encompasses domains where social animals such as humans can learn from one another and can forge alliances with one another to boost their chances of success.

According to the book's thesis, the undeniable complexity of the social world does not dictate cognitive complexity as many scholars of rationality argue. Rather, it entails circumstances that render optimization impossible or computationally arduous: intractability, the existence of incommensurable considerations, and competing goals. With optimization beyond reach, less can be more. That is, heuristics--simple strategies for making decisions when time is pressing and careful deliberation an unaffordable luxury--become indispensible mental tools. As accurate as or even more accurate than complex methods when used in the appropriate social environments, these heuristics are good descriptive models of how people make many decisions and inferences, but their impressive performance also poses a normative challenge for optimization models. In short, the Homo socialis may prove to be a Homo heuristicus whose intelligence reflects ecological rather than logical rationality.