具体描述
本书为适应高层创新人才培养的需要,在教学改革研究和实践的基础上撰写而成。
书中系统地介绍了机械工程的基本实验技术和检测仪器,内容包括正交试验设计及数据处理,机械工程基础实验、专业实验。在实验类型方面,增加了设计型实验、综合型实验和创新型实验内容,各实验均附有思考题。
本书可作为高等学校的教材,也可供有关工程技术人员参考。
《现代制造技术与实践》 内容概述: 本书旨在为读者提供一个关于现代制造技术前沿知识的全面而深入的了解。内容涵盖了从基础的材料加工原理到复杂的自动化生产系统,再到新兴的智能制造和绿色制造理念。本书注重理论与实践的结合,通过详细的案例分析和典型的技术应用,帮助读者掌握解决实际工程问题的能力。 第一章:先进材料与加工技术 本章将深入探讨在现代制造业中扮演关键角色的先进材料,包括高性能合金、复合材料、智能材料以及纳米材料的特性、制备方法及其在航空航天、汽车、医疗器械等领域的应用。同时,将详细介绍当前主流的先进加工技术,如激光加工、超声波加工、电化学加工(ECM)、电火花加工(EDM)等,并分析其机理、优势、局限性及工艺参数优化。 高性能合金: titanium alloys, nickel-based superalloys, advanced steels, their microstructures, strengthening mechanisms, and high-temperature/high-strength applications. 复合材料: polymer matrix composites (PMCs), metal matrix composites (MMCs), ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), fiber reinforcement, resin systems, manufacturing processes like autoclave curing and resin transfer molding (RTM). 智能材料: shape memory alloys (SMAs), piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials, their sensing and actuating capabilities, and smart structures. 纳米材料: carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, nanoparticles, their unique properties, and additive manufacturing applications. 激光加工: laser cutting, welding, drilling, surface treatment, beam characteristics, laser-material interaction, power/speed/focus optimization. 超声波加工: ultrasonic machining (USM), ultrasonic drilling, ultrasonic welding, tool vibration, abrasive slurry, material removal mechanisms. 电化学加工(ECM): principles of electrolysis, electrode shape, electrolyte flow, gap control, surface finish, applications in complex shapes and hard-to-machine materials. 电火花加工(EDM): principles of spark erosion, electrode wear, pulse parameters, dielectric fluid, wire EDM, die-sinking EDM, achieving fine details and intricate geometries. 第二章:增材制造(3D打印)技术及其应用 增材制造,俗称3D打印,作为一项颠覆性的制造技术,在本章中占据重要地位。我们将系统介绍其基本原理,并详细阐述各种主流的3D打印技术,包括熔融沉积成型(FDM)、选择性激光烧结(SLS)、立体光刻(SLA)、数字光处理(DLP)、材料喷射(MJM)和定向能量沉积(DED)等。本书将重点分析不同技术在材料选择、精度控制、后处理工艺以及在原型制造、定制化生产、复杂结构制造等方面的应用实例。 FDM: filament extrusion, layer-by-layer deposition, thermoplastics, support structures, resolution limitations. SLS: powder bed fusion, laser sintering, polymer powders, design freedom, applications in functional prototypes and end-use parts. SLA/DLP: photopolymerization, UV light curing, resin vats, high resolution, fine details, applications in jewelry, dental, and medical models. MJM: material jetting, droplet deposition, photopolymers, wax, multi-material capabilities, high accuracy. DED: directed energy deposition, powder or wire feedstock, laser or electron beam melting, repair and additive manufacturing of large structures. Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM): lattice structures, topology optimization, lightweight design, reducing material waste. Post-processing: support removal, curing, annealing, surface finishing, machining, painting. Applications: medical implants, aerospace components, consumer goods, architectural models, tooling. 第三章:数控(CNC)技术与自动化制造 数控技术是现代制造的核心驱动力之一。本章将深入讲解数控系统的组成、工作原理,包括G代码和M代码的编程基础,以及刀具路径的规划和优化。此外,还将重点介绍数控机床的类型,如数控铣削、车削、磨削、电火花加工等,并结合实际案例说明其在精密零件制造中的应用。自动化制造方面,本书将探讨机器人技术、自动化生产线的设计与集成,以及传感器、PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)在生产过程中的作用。 CNC Programming: G-codes for motion control (linear, circular interpolation), M-codes for machine functions (spindle on/off, tool change), coordinate systems. Tool Path Generation: CAM software, simulation, tool selection, cutting parameters optimization, collision detection. CNC Machines: 3-axis, 5-axis milling, turning centers, grinding machines, EDM machines. Automation Systems: industrial robots (articulated, SCARA, delta), pick-and-place operations, assembly lines. PLCs and SCADA: logic control, data acquisition, human-machine interface (HMI), process monitoring and control. Integrated Manufacturing: flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), factory automation strategies. 第四章:智能制造与工业4.0 本章将聚焦于当前制造业发展的热点——智能制造与工业4.0。内容将涵盖物联网(IoT)在制造中的应用,如设备互联、数据采集与分析;大数据分析在质量控制、预测性维护和生产优化中的作用;人工智能(AI)和机器学习在工艺参数优化、故障诊断和自主决策中的潜力;以及数字孪生(Digital Twin)技术如何实现虚拟仿真与物理世界的实时映射。此外,还将探讨网络安全在智能制造环境下的重要性。 IoT in Manufacturing: sensor networks, connectivity protocols (MQTT, OPC UA), edge computing, cloud platforms. Big Data Analytics: predictive maintenance, anomaly detection, process optimization, yield improvement, statistical process control (SPC). AI and Machine Learning: neural networks, deep learning, reinforcement learning, computer vision for quality inspection, robotic path planning. Digital Twin: virtual modeling, real-time data synchronization, simulation, performance prediction, remote monitoring and control. Cybersecurity: protecting manufacturing systems from cyber threats, data integrity, intellectual property protection. Smart Factories: data-driven decision making, agile manufacturing, mass customization, human-robot collaboration. 第五章:绿色制造与可持续发展 随着全球对环境保护和可持续发展的日益关注,绿色制造已成为制造业的重要发展方向。本章将探讨绿色制造的核心理念,包括节能减排、资源循环利用、减少污染物排放以及使用环境友好型材料和工艺。本书将介绍生命周期评估(LCA)的方法,用于评价产品从原材料获取到最终处置对环境的影响。同时,还将分析清洁生产技术、再制造技术以及循环经济在制造业中的实践。 Principles of Green Manufacturing: minimizing energy consumption, reducing waste, using renewable resources, avoiding hazardous substances. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): cradle-to-grave analysis, impact assessment, environmental management. Cleaner Production Technologies: lean manufacturing principles, waste reduction strategies, pollution prevention. Remanufacturing: refurbishment, repair, overhaul of used products, extending product lifespan, circular economy principles. Sustainable Materials: bio-based materials, recycled materials, biodegradable polymers, energy-efficient materials. Eco-design: designing for disassembly, recyclability, repairability, and energy efficiency. 第六章:质量控制与可靠性工程 高质量的产品是制造业的核心竞争力。本章将系统介绍现代质量管理体系,包括ISO 9001标准的要求和实施。我们将深入探讨统计过程控制(SPC)的技术,如控制图、过程能力分析,以及如何利用这些工具来监控和改进生产过程。失效模式与影响分析(FMEA)作为一种重要的风险评估工具,也将得到详细介绍。此外,本章还将涉及可靠性工程的基本概念,包括可靠性指标、寿命测试和可靠性设计方法。 Quality Management Systems: ISO 9001, total quality management (TQM), Six Sigma methodology. Statistical Process Control (SPC): control charts (X-bar, R, p, c), process capability indices (Cp, Cpk), variations and their sources. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA): identifying potential failure modes, assessing severity, occurrence, and detection, risk priority number (RPN). Reliability Engineering: mean time between failures (MTBF), hazard rate, Weibull analysis, accelerated life testing. Quality Tools: Pareto charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, checklists, histograms. Inspection and Testing: non-destructive testing (NDT), destructive testing, metrology and calibration. 第七章:供应链管理与精益生产 在日益复杂的全球化市场中,高效的供应链管理和精益生产是企业成功的关键。本章将剖析供应链管理的各个环节,包括采购、库存管理、物流配送和需求预测。我们将详细介绍精益生产的理念与实践,如准时化生产(JIT)、看板管理、价值流分析、防错(Poka-yoke)技术以及持续改进(Kaizen)。同时,还将探讨如何利用信息技术来优化供应链的透明度和响应速度。 Supply Chain Design and Planning: network design, inventory models, demand forecasting techniques. Procurement and Sourcing: supplier selection, contract negotiation, strategic sourcing. Logistics and Distribution: warehousing, transportation management, route optimization. Lean Manufacturing Principles: eliminating waste (muda), value stream mapping, cellular manufacturing, pull systems. JIT Production: reducing lead times, minimizing inventory, improving flow. Kanban System: visual control, signal-based replenishment, managing work-in-progress. Poka-Yoke: mistake-proofing devices and methods, preventing errors at the source. Continuous Improvement (Kaizen): employee involvement, problem-solving cycles, PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act). 第八章:产品生命周期管理(PLM)与数字化转型 本章将探讨产品生命周期管理(PLM)在现代制造业中的重要性。PLM系统涵盖了从产品概念设计、工程开发、制造、服务到报废的全过程。本书将介绍PLM系统的核心功能,如数据管理、流程管理和协作管理,以及它如何支持产品创新和降低开发成本。此外,还将深入分析数字化转型对制造业带来的机遇与挑战,包括构建数字化企业、实现数据驱动的业务模式以及适应快速变化的市场需求。 PLM System Architecture: data management, process workflows, BOM (Bill of Materials) management. Product Design and Development: CAD/CAE integration, simulation, virtual prototyping. Manufacturing Process Planning: CAM integration, manufacturing execution systems (MES). After-Sales Service and Support: field service management, maintenance, spare parts. Digital Transformation Strategies: digital roadmap, change management, data governance. Industry 4.0 Platforms: integrated digital ecosystems, smart manufacturing solutions. Benefits of PLM and Digitalization: faster time-to-market, improved product quality, reduced costs, enhanced customer satisfaction. 本书结构清晰,内容翔实,理论联系实际,旨在为读者提供一个深入理解现代制造技术及其应用的平台,为他们在快速发展的制造业领域中取得成功打下坚实的基础。