史蒂文·J.布拉姆斯

Steven J. Brams

纽约大学政治学系教授，美国著名的博弈论理论家，对博弈论做出过多项重要理论贡献。早在20世纪70年代，他开创性地把博弈论和社会选择理论应用于投票和选举、谈判和公平、国际关系、圣经、神学和文学之上，大大拓宽了博弈论的研究领域。他是运用博弈论分析超级大国冲突的重要代表，正是在他的大力倡导之下，学术界才开始尝试用博弈论的方法来研究冷战时期的美苏对峙。继布坎南、图洛克之后，任公共选择学会主席（2004—2006年）。撰有（包括与他人合著、合编）17本著作和250余篇论文。

In this unusual book, first published by The MIT Press in 1980 and now updated with a new chapter, Steven Brams applies the mathematical theory of games to the Hebrew Bible. Brams's thesis is that God and the human biblical characters acted rationally--that is, given their preferences and their knowledge of other players' preferences, they made strategy choices that led to the best attainable outcomes.<br /> <br /> Beginning with the Creation and focusing on those stories richest in conflict and intrigue, Brams uses elementary game-theoretic tools to elucidate the rational calculations of biblical players and to show precisely the manner in which they sought to achieve their goals. He relies almost exclusively on noncooperative theory, making use of both game tree and matrix forms of games. Brams uses his strategic analyses to build a detailed assessment of God's character and motivations, including the reasons for His frequently wrathful behavior. Brams's insights have application to biblical studies, the philosophy of religion, political theory, and game theory and methodology.<br /> <br /> In the new chapter, Brams surveys the literature of the past twenty years on political-strategic interpretations of the Hebrew Bible. He also extends the game-theoretic analysis, using the theory of moves, to study a counterfactual situation--what if Abraham had refused God's command to sacrifice Isaac?--and to examine the rationality of believing in a superior being.