Editor's Note ix
Abbreviations xi
Acknowledgements xiii
PREFACE: Alain Rey, A Paradoxical Terminologist
by Bruno de Bessé l
INTRODUCTION: The Scope of Terminology 7
1. ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF TERMINOLOGY 11
1.1 The history of words and ideas: Nomenclature 11
1.2 Terminology 15
1.3 Observations on the scope of the subject 17
1.3. 1 The classical period in Western Europe (17th- 18th centuries) 17
1.3.2 Social engineering of language and technical-scientific developments in the 19th century 18
1.3.3 Developments in the 19th and 20th centuries 20
2. THEORETICAL ISSUES IN TERMINOLOGY 23
2.1 The problem of the terminological unit 25
2.1.1 The lexical unit - unit of meaning 25
2.1.2 The name 26
2.2 The unit-sign system 27
2.2.1 Lexical field and paradigmatic relations 27
2.2.2 The denominational system 28
2.3 The concept in terminology 32
2.3.1 Concept in traditional terminology 33
2.3.2 The class 36
2.3.3 Concept and function 3 8
2.4 Definitions and terms 40
2.4.1 Definition and description 40
2.4.2 The place of the terminological definition 42
2.5 Conceptual systems and classes of objects 43
2.5.1 Types of concept systems 44
2.5.2 Diversification of conceptual structure 45
2.6 Relationships relevant to terminology 47
2.6.1The relationship between knowledge and naming 47
2.6.2 The social condition of the terminological activity 48
2.6.3 Languages, cultures and knowledge 48
3. A NEW ERAFOR TERMINOLOGY: FROM SOCIAL ASPECTS TO THEORY 49
3.1 Characteristics of the past era 49
3.2 The functional content of terminology 50
3.2.1 Social functions 51
3.2.2 Linguistic functions 53
3.2.3 Cognitive and classificatory functions 54
3.2.4 The interaction of functions 57
3.3 Characteristics of the new era 59
3.3.I New functions 61
4.THE CONCEPT OF NEOLOGISM AND THE EVOLUTION OF TERMINOLOGIES IN INDIVIDUAL LANGUAGES 63
4.1 The nature of neology 64
4.1.1 The linguistic nature of neologisms 64
4.1.2 The novelty in neologisms 68
4.2 Practical aspects 77
4.2.1 Lexical needs and language trends 11
4.2.2 Identification of neological needs 79
4.2.3 Study and evolution of neology 81
4.2.4 Intervention and planning 83
5. TERMINOLOGIES: A CHALLENGE TO LEXICOLOGISTS 85
5.1 The pragmatic motivation of terminologies 85
5.2 The theoretical basis of terminologies 86
5.3 Types of terminologies 87
5.4 Trends in the creation of terminologies 89
5.5 The relevance of terminologies for lexicology and lexicography 91
6. APPLIED TERMINOLOGY 95
6.1 Needs and aims 96
6.1.1 Three types of needs:
description, transmission, standardisation 97
6.2 The means of language and culture 105
6.2.1 Linguistic and conceptual means:term creation and adaption 105
6.2.2 Judgements and attitudes 110
7. TERMINOLOGY AND LEXICOGRAPHY 113
7.1 The nature of lexicography 113
7.1.1 Dictionary - Lexicography 114
7.2 The nature of terminology 116
7.3 The elations between terminology and lexicography 118
7.4 The teaching of lexicography and terminology 121
8. TERMINOLOGIES AND TERMINOGRAPHY 125
8.1 Lexicology - lexicography 125
8.2 The meanings and fonctions of terminology 126
8.3 Terminology - terminography 129
9. DESCRIPTION AND CONTROL OF TERMINOLOGIES 135
9.1 Terminography 135
9.1.1 The nature of terminography 135
9.1.2 Procedures and methods 138
9.1.3 Terminographic tasks 144
9.1.4 The creation of files 150
9.1.5 Organisation of terminological description: Nomenclatures 153
9.1.6 Terminological and terminographic products 154
9.2 Institutions and regulation 158
9.2.1 Terminological control by subject field 159
9.2.2 Multilingual international cooperation 165
10. LINGUISTIC AND TERMINOLOGICAL STANDARDISATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE
OF THEIR LEGAL STATUS 167
10.1 Language and norms 167
10.1.1 The definition of language 167
10.1.2 Language, languages and discourse 168
10.2 The linguistic norm 170
10.2.1 Forms of usage 170
10.2.2 The evolution of the norm 173
10.3 Linguistic standardisation, management and planning 176
10.3.1 A case study of standardisation 176
10.3.2 Conditions for standardisation 111
10.3.3 Steps in standardisation 178
10.3.4 Language planning 178
10.4 The field of action of standardisation 179
11. TERMINOLOGY IN A GENERAL LANGUAGE DICTIONARY OF FRENCH —LE GRAND ROBERT 181
1 The nature and scope of the lexicographic discourse 181
2 Terms and words 182
3 Selection criteria and sources 185
NOTES 187
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING 199
DICTIONARIES AND OTHER WORKS CITED IN THE ESSAYS 210
PUBLICATIONS BY ALAIN REY IN THE FIELD OF TERMINOLOGY 212
AUTHOR INDEX 215
SUBJECT INDEX 221
· · · · · · (收起)