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Chile was the first major Latin American nation to carry out a complete neo-liberal transformation. Its policies - encouraging foreign investment, privatizing public sector companies and services, lowering trade barriers, reducing the size of the state, and embracing the market as a regulator of both the economy and society - produced an economic boom that some have hailed as a 'miracle' to be emulated by other Latin American countries. But how have Chile's millions of workers, whose hard labor and long hours have made the miracle possible, fared under this program?Through empirically grounded historical case studies, this volume examines the human underside of the Chilean economy over the past three decades, delineating the harsh inequities that persist in spite of growth, low inflation, and some decrease in poverty and unemployment. Implemented in the 1970s at the point of the bayonet and in the shadow of the torture chamber, the neoliberal policies of Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship reversed many of the gains in wages, benefits, and working conditions that Chile's workers had won during decades of struggle and triggered a severe economic crisis.Later refined and softened, Pinochet's neo-liberal model began, finally, to promote economic growth in the mid-1980s, and it was maintained by the center-left governments that followed the restoration of democracy in 1990. Yet, despite significant increases in worker productivity, real wages stagnated, the expected restoration of labor rights faltered, and gaps in income distribution continued to widen.To shed light on this history and these ongoing problems, the contributors look at industries long part of the Chilean economy - including textiles and copper - and industries that have expanded more recently - including fishing, forestry, and agriculture. They not only show how neoliberalism has affected Chile's labor force in general but also how it has damaged the environment and imposed special burdens on women. Painting a sobering picture of the two Chiles - one increasingly rich, the other still mired in poverty - these essays suggest that the Chilean miracle may not be as miraculous as it seems. Contributors: Paul Drake; Volker Frank; Thomas Klubock; Rachel Schurman; Joel Stillerman; Heidi Tinsman; Peter Winn.

Contributors.

Paul Drake

Volker Frank

Thomas Klubock

Rachel Schurman

Joel Stillerman

Heidi Tinsman

Peter Winn

About The Author(s)

Peter Winn is Professor of History at Tufts University. His books include Americas: The Changing Face of Latin America and the Caribbean and Weavers of Revolution: The Yarur Workers and Chile’s Road to Socialism.

Index 411
Foreword / Paul W. Drake ix
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction / Peter Winn 1
The Pinochet Era / Peter Winn 14
Politics without Policy: The Failure of Social Concentration in Democratic Chile, 1990-2000 / Volker Frank 71
“No Miracle for Us”: The Textile Industry in the Pinochet Era, 1973–1998 / Peter Winn 125
Disciplined Works and Avid Consumers: Neoliberal Policy and the Transformation of Work and Identity Among Chilean Metalworkers / Joel Stillerman 164
Class, Community, and Neoliberalism in Chile: Copper Workers and the Labor Movement During the Military Dictatorship and the Restoration of Democracy / Thomas Miller Klubock 209
More Than Victims: Women Agricultural Workers and Social Change in Rural Chile / Heidi Tinsman 261
Shuckers, Sorters, Headers, and Gutters: Labor in the Fisheries Sector / Rachel Schurman 298
Labor, Land, and Environmental Change in the Forestry Sector in Chile, 1973–1998 / Thomas Miller Klubock 337
Bibliography 389
Contributors 409
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