Liberty And American Experience in the Eighteenth Century

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出版者:Liberty Fund Inc.
作者:David Womersley
出品人:
页数:488
译者:
出版时间:2006-7-1
价格:USD 12.00
装帧:Paperback
isbn号码:9780865976290
丛书系列:
图书标签:
  • 麦迪逊
  • 美国
  • Liberty
  • American History
  • Eighteenth Century
  • Revolution
  • Political Thought
  • Social History
  • Colonial America
  • Founding Fathers
  • Enlightenment
  • Republicanism
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具体描述

Written by some of today's premiere scholars of American history, Liberty and American Experience in the Eighteenth Century examines some of the central themes and ideologies central to the formation of the United States including: David Womersley's introduction includes a discussion of Edmund Burke's theories on property rights and government, setting the foundation for the various themes of liberty found in this volume. In 'Of Liberty and the Colonies: A Case Study of Constitutional Conflict in the Mid-Eighteenth Century British American Empire', Jack Greene examines other forms of government and uses those examples to argue that the founding was not the conservative process that many have previously supported. Robert Ferguson explores the roles of law and religion in the formation of a free and liberal society in 'The Dialectic of Liberty: Law and Religion in Revolutionary America'. In 'Religious Conscience and Original Sin: An Exploration of America's Protestant Foundations', Barry Shain supports Ferguson's contention that religion had a profound impact on the outlook of the colonists. John Danford, in 'Riches Valuable at All Times and to All Men: Hume and the Eighteenth-Century Debate on Commerce and Liberty', examines the spiritual context of the Founders in regard to the Enlightenment, arguing that the Founders preferred known ways of governance and economics to untried and untested theory. 'Moral Sense Theory and the Appeal to Natural Rights in the American Founding' by R G Frey suggests that there are conflicting viewpoints between moral sense theory and the idea of natural rights in the founding period. David Wootton presents an opposing view of the Founders in 'Liberty, Metaphor, and Mechanism: Checks and Balances and the Origins of Modern Constitutionalism'. He suggests that the ideas formed in the Enlightenment were seized upon by the Founders and that the result was a much more progressive system than could have been predicted. 'In Scottish Thought and the American Revolution: Adam Ferguson's Response to Richard Price', Ronald Hamowy discusses the consequences of the colonial conflict and pays tribute to the intellectual force of American affairs. Lance Banning examines the divisions in thought among the revolutionaries regarding the nature of liberty and the manner in which liberty was to be preserved in 'Federalism, Constitutionalism, and Republican Liberty: The First Constructions of the Constitution'. In 'Is There a James Madison Problem?', Gordon Wood presents the disparity in Madison's political thought from the 1780s to the 1790s. 'Liberty and American Experience in the Eighteenth Century' provides an examination of various facets of the Founders' lives and thoughts, as well as their times, to help readers understand the events that went into their country's creation.

十八世纪的美国,是一个在自由理念的召唤下,充满了探索、冲突与重塑的时代。这不是一本简单的史书,它是一扇窗,透过它,我们可以窥见那个刚刚萌芽的国度,如何在自由的种子中孕育出属于自己的独特体验。 1. 自由的起源与孕育: 思想的曙光: 启蒙运动的哲学思潮,如同春风拂过殖民地,唤醒了人们对个体权利、自然法以及政府合法性的深刻思考。洛克、孟德斯鸠等人的思想,在这里找到了沃土,不再是遥远的理论,而是驱动行动的火炬。殖民地居民开始质疑英国君主制的权力来源,以及他们在帝国中的地位。 自治的实践: 尽管身处英国的统治之下,殖民地早已在实践中发展出高度的自治传统。从新英格兰的镇民会议,到弗吉尼亚的代表大会,人们习惯于参与地方事务的决策,这种经验为后来的独立奠定了坚实的基础。自由在这里不是空洞的口号,而是日常政治生活的具体体现。 宗教的驱动: 许多早期殖民者是为了逃避宗教迫害,追求信仰自由而来。这种对自由的渴望,深深地烙印在他们的文化基因中,使得自由的概念超越了政治范畴,也包含了精神和良知上的独立。 2. 革命的洗礼与锻造: 反抗的火种: 随着英国对殖民地征税政策的加强,以及一系列限制殖民地自由的法令,不满情绪如同野火般蔓延。从“无代表不纳税”的呐喊,到波士顿倾茶事件的激进行为,殖民地人民用实际行动表达了他们对被剥夺自由的愤怒。 独立的宣言: 《独立宣言》的诞生,是十八世纪美国经验中最具标志性的时刻。它不仅是一份宣告独立的文件,更是对人类普遍权利的庄严宣示,将“生命、自由和追求幸福”的理念推向了历史舞台的中心,成为激励无数人追求自由的灯塔。 战争的磨砺: 独立战争的残酷性,是将自由理念付诸实践的熔炉。在这场艰苦卓绝的斗争中,殖民地人民为了共同的自由目标而团结,共同面对严峻的挑战。战争不仅改变了政治版图,更在精神上塑造了一代美国人,让他们对自由的价值有了更深刻的认识。 3. 共和国的构建与挑战: 宪法的诞生: 战争胜利后,如何建立一个能够保障自由,又能维持秩序的政府,成为摆在建国者面前的巨大难题。《美国宪法》的出台,标志着一种新型共和制的诞生,它通过权力分立、制衡以及对公民权利的保障,试图将自由的理念制度化。 联邦与州的张力: 新生的共和国,在联邦政府的权力范围和各州自治权之间,始终存在着微妙的张力。这种辩论和妥协,构成了美国政治生活的重要组成部分,也影响着自由如何在不同层级上被理解和实践。 社会经济的转型: 独立不仅解放了政治,也极大地推动了美国社会经济的发展。奴隶制的阴影依然笼罩,但自由的浪潮也催生了新的经济模式和商业机会。人们在新的土地上,以新的方式追求财富和生活,这种经济上的自主性,也是十八世纪美国经验的重要维度。 身份的塑造: 摆脱英国的统治,意味着美国人需要重新定义自己的身份。他们不再是英帝国的一部分,而是独立的美利坚民族。这种身份的认同,是在共同的理想、共享的经历以及对未来的憧憬中逐渐形成的。 十八世纪的美国,是一个充满活力、不断演进的实验场。自由不仅仅是一个抽象的政治概念,它渗透到殖民地居民的日常生活、他们的思想观念、他们的政治行动,以及他们所构建的全新社会秩序之中。理解那个时代,就是在理解自由如何被孕育、被争取、被实践,以及在实践中如何面临挑战,并最终塑造了今天我们所看到的美国。这其中蕴含的经验,至今仍具有深刻的启示意义。

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