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Vagueness in Context

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Stewart Shapiro 作者
OUP Oxford
译者
2006-1-5 出版日期
242 页数
GBP 90.00 价格
Hardcover
丛书系列
9780199280391 图书编码

Vagueness in Context 在线电子书 图书标签: 模糊理论  contextualism  逻辑学  语言哲学  悖论研究  哲学  分析哲学  vagueness   


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Vagueness in Context 在线电子书 epub 下载 mobi 下载 pdf 下载 txt 下载 2024

Vagueness in Context 在线电子书 epub 下载 mobi 下载 pdf 下载 txt 下载 2024

Vagueness in Context 在线电子书 pdf 下载 txt下载 epub 下载 mobi 下载 2024



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Stewart Shapiro's aim in Vagueness in Context is to develop both a philosophical and a formal, model-theoretic account of the meaning, function, and logic of vague terms in an idealized version of a natural language like English. It is a commonplace that the extensions of vague terms vary with such contextual factors as the comparison class and paradigm cases. A person can be tall with respect to male accountants and not tall (even short) with respect to professional basketball players. The main feature of Shapiro's account is that the extensions (and anti-extensions) of vague terms also vary in the course of a conversation, even after the external contextual features, such as the comparison class, are fixed. A central thesis is that in some cases, a competent speaker of the language can go either way in the borderline area of a vague predicate without sinning against the meaning of the words and the non-linguistic facts. Shapiro calls this open texture, borrowing the term from Friedrich Waismann. The formal model theory has a similar structure to the supervaluationist approach, employing the notion of a sharpening of a base interpretation. In line with the philosophical account, however, the notion of super-truth does not play a central role in the development of validity. The ultimate goal of the technical aspects of the work is to delimit a plausible notion of logical consequence, and to explore what happens with the sorites paradox. Later chapters deal with what passes for higher-order vagueness - vagueness in the notions of 'determinacy' and 'borderline' - and with vague singular terms, or objects. In each case, the philosophical picture is developed by extending and modifying the original account. This is followed with modifications to the model theory and the central meta-theorems. As Shapiro sees it, vagueness is a linguistic phenomenon, due to the kinds of languages that humans speak. But vagueness is also due to the world we find ourselves in, as we try to communicate features of it to each other. Vagueness is also due to the kinds of beings we are. There is no need to blame the phenomenon on any one of those aspects.

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