Free market policies have been in place across Africa for the past twenty-five years, yet have failed to reverse deepening poverty on the continent. This book explores why these policies continue to be implemented, despite their failure, and the ways in which they have been reinvented over the decades. Focusing on Ethiopia, Zimbabwe and South Africa, this study traces the impacts of these policies on human and state security. The 1980s and 1990s saw Africa marginalized by the process of globalization, but since 9/11 the continent has become central in global oil and security politics, and is now an important site of US and Chinese competition. Are Africans condemned to be eternally manipulated by external powers for their own ends, or can the global system be reformed to promote sustainable livelihoods and peace on the continent?
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