约翰•R•扎勒（John R.Zaller）,生于1949年，于1984年在加州大学伯克利分校获博士学位，现为美国加州大学洛杉矶分校政治学教授，主要研究领域是美国政治和公共舆论。主要著作有《美国人心态：公众对资本主义和民主的态度》（合著，1984，哈佛大学出版社）、《公共舆论》（1992，剑桥大学出版社）、《党作决定：改革前后的总统提名》（合著，2008，芝加哥大学出版社）、《媒体政治理论》（即将出版）。

译者简介

陈心想：明尼苏达大学社会学系博士（2009），现供职于美国密西西比州立大学。

方建锋：华东师范大学教育学博士，现为上海市教育科学研究院副研究员。

徐法寅：美国肯塔基大学社会学系在读博士生。

In this 1992 book John Zaller develops a comprehensive theory to explain how people acquire political information from elites and the mass media and convert it into political preferences. Using numerous specific examples, Zaller applies this theory to the dynamics of public opinion on a broad range of subjects, including domestic and foreign policy, trust in government, racial equality, and presidential approval, as well as voting behaviour in U.S. House, Senate, and presidential elections. The thoery is constructed from four basic premises. The first is that individuals differ substantially in their attention to politics and therefore in their exposure to elite sources of political information. The second is that people react critically to political communication only to the extent that they are knowledgeable about political affairs. The third is that people rarely have fixed attitudes on specific issues; rather, they construct 'preference statements' on the fly as they confront each issue raised. The fourth is that, in constructing these statements, people make the greatest use of ideas that are, for various reasons, the most immediately salient to them. Zaller emphasizes the role of political elites in establishing the terms of political discourse in the mass media and the powerful effect of this framing of issues on the dynamics of mass opinion on any given issue over time.