What Kind of Creatures Are We? pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025
Noam Chomsky is professor emeritus of linguistics and philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and has written and lectured widely on linguistics, philosophy, intellectual history, contemporary issues, international affairs, and U.S. foreign policy. He is the author of more than one hundred books.
- Chomsky
- 哲学
- 语言学
- 美國---United_States
- 乔姆斯基
- Noam_Chomsky
- NLB
- 2016
Noam Chomsky is widely known and deeply admired for being the founder of modern linguistics, one of the founders of the field of cognitive science, and perhaps the most avidly read political theorist and commentator of our time. In these lectures, he presents a lifetime of philosophical reflection on all three of these areas of research to which he has contributed for over half a century.
In clear, precise, and non-technical language, Chomsky elaborates on fifty years of scientific development in the study of language, sketching how his own work has implications for the origins of language, the close relations that language bears to thought, and its eventual biological basis. He expounds and criticizes many alternative theories, such as those that emphasize the social, the communicative, and the referential aspects of language. Chomsky reviews how new discoveries about language overcome what seemed to be highly problematic assumptions in the past. He also investigates the apparent scope and limits of human cognitive capacities and what the human mind can seriously investigate, in the light of history of science and philosophical reflection and current understanding. Moving from language and mind to society and politics, he concludes with a searching exploration and philosophical defense of a position he describes as "libertarian socialism," tracing its links to anarchism and the ideas of John Dewey, and even briefly to the ideas of Marx and Mill, demonstrating its conceptual growth out of our historical past and urgent relation to matters of the present.
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科学建立在不证自明的公理上，但公理其实是可疑的。人的意识可能对人永远是一个迷，就像人不能自己把自己举起来。
评分科学建立在不证自明的公理上，但公理其实是可疑的。人的意识可能对人永远是一个迷，就像人不能自己把自己举起来。
评分讨论牛顿的部分挺有意思的
评分讨论牛顿的部分挺有意思的
评分第一章讲语言模型可以看懂，后面讲人的认知局限和最好的政体，只能看懂60%，但是很有意思，有些哲学家认为人有认知局限，我们只能理解事物的appearances而非本质，牛顿发现万有引力这条principle却无法理解背后原因，对语言学来说，现在还在探索所有语言都遵循的原则或限制，还没到探索为什么语言有这条原则那一步。正因人有认知局限，语言有限制原则，人才是人，语言才是语言，局限在某种程度上定义了我们。乔姆斯基似乎反对由少数精英统治大众的政体，比较支持真正的民主政体，不过我在想如果给每个人足够的自由，他们会耽于享受呢还是真正能用闲暇时光来进行思考呢。乔姆斯基的语言模型我一直特别喜欢，就算未来证明他的假设不对，也会觉得这样一种关于语言的假设很迷人，而且他关心的不只是语言，还有人的本质和人类的幸福。
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