Table of Contents
The Physics of Electron Acceleration in Medical Linacs
Introduction
Maxwell’s Equations
Cylindrical Waveguides
Traveling Wave Accelerators I
Cavity Oscillations
Energy
Traveling Wave Accelerators II
Standing Wave Accelerators
Pulsed Operation and Waveforms
Frequency Stability and Fabrication of Waveguide Structures
Changing Beam Energy
Comparison between TW and SW Linacs
X-Band Linacs
Proton Therapy Physics: Protons for Pedestrians
Introduction
Brief History
Interaction of Protons with Matter
Absorbed Dose and the Bragg Peak
A Few Words about Radiobiology
Circular Charged Particle Orbits and Stability
Proton Therapy Accelerators
Beam Transport and Gantries
Lateral and Axial Beam Spreading
Beam Calibration
Dose Calculation Algorithms
Inhomogeneities
Dose Distributions
Radiation Shielding
New Developments
Summary
Convolution/Superposition Dose Computation Algorithms
Introduction
Monoenergetic Beams, Homogeneous Medium
Convolution Integrals
Polyenergetic Beams, Homogeneous Medium
Incident Energy Fluence, Beam Modeling, and Primary Photon Transport
Point Dose Kernels
Analytical Derivation of a Point Kernel for Singly Scattered Photons
Heterogeneities
Pencil Beams
Patient Geometry
Collapsed Cone Convolution
Calculation of Monitor Units
Dose Calculation Speed
Pinnacle Treatment Planning System
Conclusion
Deterministic Radiation Transport: A Rival to Monte Carlo Methods
Introduction
Absorbed Dose, Kerma, and Fluence
Differential Fluence
Calculation of Dose from Fundamental Radiometric Quantities
Transport Equation
Primary Radiation Consisting of Charged Particles
CSDA Approximation
Indirectly Ionizing Radiation
Efficacy of BTE-Based Dose Calculations
Fermi–Eyges Theory and Electron Pencil Beam Dose Calculations
Conclusion
Tumor Control and Normal Tissue Complication Probability Models in Radiation Therapy
Introduction
Some Elements of Probability Theory
DVHs
Normal Tissue Complication Probability
Tumor Control Probability
Probability of Uncomplicated Control
Conclusions/Summary
Problems, Questions, Symbols, References, and Endnotes appear at the end of each chapter.
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