Acknowledgements
List of Illustrations
Introduction: Towards a New Cartography of Cross-cultural Circulation
1Situating the Study
2Delineation and Approach
3Cartography and the Jesuit Missions to China
4Chapter Overview
1 Instruments for the Emperor: New Frontiers, New Practices
1.1An Instrumental Convergence of Interests
1.1.1The Académie and the Instrument Market in Paris
1.1.2The King’s Mathematicians’ Interest in Cartography
1.1.3Paris-made Instruments for the French Mission
1.2Improving Cartographies: An Emperor’s Quest
1.2.1The Kangxi Emperor’s Cartographic Aspirations
1.2.2Qing Statecraft and Cartographic Practice
1.2.3The Qing Court’s Appropriation of Paris-made Instruments
1.3Frontier Matters: New Qing Cartographic Practice
1.3.1Integrating the Khalka: Exploring a New Frontier
1.3.2The 1698 Preliminary Survey
1.3.3Re-standardizing the Qing’s Most Basic Unit of Length
Conclusion
Intermission One: Missionaries or Mapmakers? The Mapping Project and its Place in the Mission
Justifying Missionary Involvement
The Unauthorized Return of Joachim Bouvet
Conclusion
2 Of Instruments and Maps: The Land Surveys in Practice
2.1Beyond the Passes: Observations and Calculations
2.1.1New Qing Cartographic Practice along the Great Wall
2.1.2Revisiting the Manchu Homelands and Northern Frontiers
2.1.3Strategic Expeditions into Korea and Tibet
2.2The Logistics in Mapping the Chinese Provinces
2.2.1Moving South: Sequence, Timing and Strategies
2.2.2Directed from the Center: The Emperor and His Administration
2.2.3Team Composition and Local Support
2.3The Imperial Workshops Connection
2.3.1Mapmakers from the Inner Palace
2.3.2European Technical Experts and Assistants
2.3.3The Logistical Centrality of the Imperial Workshops
Conclusion
Intermission Two: Missionaries and Mapmakers: Missionary Activity during the Land Surveys
The Restitution of Church Buildings
The Impact of the Chinese Rites Controversy
Conclusion
3 The Afterlife of Maps: Circulation, Adaptation, and Negotiation
3.1The Printed Life of the Overview Maps of Imperial Territories
3.1.1The Woodblock Editions
3.1.2The Copperplate Editions
3.1.3Imperially Commissioned Compilations and Later Renditions
3.2The European Incorporation of a Qing Atlas
3.2.1Early Transmissions and Reception in Europe
3.2.2Contracting Jean-Baptiste Bourguingon d’Anville
3.2.3Intercultural Adaptation: d’Anville’s Regional Maps
3.3Beijing, Paris and Saint Petersburg: Negotiating the Gaps
3.3.1d’Anville’s General Maps and the Paris-Saint Petersburg Connection
3.3.2The Saint Petersburg Connection to Beijing
3.3.3d’Anville’s Maps: Reception and Further Adaptations
Conclusion
Annex: Extant Kangxi-era Sheets (Printed)
Conclusion: Unlocking Dichotomies: Revisiting Cross-cultural Circulation
On Qing Imperial Cartography: Traditional vs. Scientific Practice
On the Role of the Individual: Global vs. Local Networks
On Instruments and Maps: The Circulation vs. the Production of Knowledge
On Interculturality: China vs. Europe
References and Bibliography
Index
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