Forbearance as Redistribution pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2026
- 比较政治
- 政治经济学
- 政治学
- 拉美研究
- 拉美
- multi-method
- ComparativePolitics
- forbearance
- redistribution
- economics
- justice
- distribution
- power
- social
- equality
- justice
- inequality
具体描述
Why do governments tolerate the violation of their own laws and regulations? Conventional wisdom is that governments cannot enforce their laws. Forbearance as Redistribution challenges the standard interpretation by showing that politicians choose not to enforce laws to distribute resources and win elections. Alisha Holland demonstrates that this forbearance towards activities such as squatting and street vending is a powerful strategy for attracting the electoral support of poor voters. In many developing countries, state social programs are small or poorly targeted and thus do not offer politicians an effective means to mobilize the poor. In contrast, forbearance constitutes an informal welfare policy around which Holland argues much of urban politics turns. While forbearance offers social support to those failed by their governments, it also perpetuates the same exclusionary welfare policies from which it grows.
作者简介
Alisha C. Holland is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Politics at Princeton University, New Jersey. She was a Junior Fellow at the Society of Fellows at Harvard University, Massachusetts. Holland's doctoral dissertation received the Best Dissertation Award from the Urban Politics Section of the American Political Science Association and the Robert Noxon Toppan Award for the best dissertation from the Department of Government at Harvard University. Her research on Latin American and urban politics has appeared in the American Journal of Political Science, American Political Science Review, Comparative Political Studies, and Latin American Research Review.
目录信息
2. Who votes for forbearance
3. What enables forbearance: inadequate social policy and squatting
4. When politicians choose forbearance: core constituencies and street vending
5. Where forbearance occurs: the role of electoral institutions
6
Why forbearance continues: path dependencies in the informal welfare state
7. How forbearance ends: lessons from Turkey.
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《Forbearance as Redistribution》这本书的书名，宛如一位深沉的哲学家，用简练的语言抛出了一个引人入胜的议题。它挑战了我对于“容忍”和“重新分配”这两个词语的固有认知。通常，“容忍”被看作是一种个人层面的选择，一种对他人的包容与理解，而“重新分配”则更偏向于宏观的社会经济范畴。然而，当这两个概念被并置，便勾勒出一种截然不同的图景。 我开始想象，书中是否在探讨这样一种可能性：即在某些情况下，“容忍”的行为本身就构成了一种隐性的“重新分配”。例如，当某个群体为了社会和谐而选择“容忍”某种程度的不公，或者为了避免冲突而接受不平等的资源分配时，他们实际上是在以一种沉默的方式，将本应属于他们的资源或权利“重新分配”给其他群体。这种“容忍”，并非出于自愿的美德，而可能是一种被社会结构所塑造的无奈。 The title’s strength lies in its ability to provoke thought without explicitly stating its conclusions. It compels the reader to consider the subtle ways in which power operates and resources are allocated, suggesting that the absence of overt resistance does not necessarily imply the absence of inequity. This perspective shifts the focus from explicit policy interventions to the often-overlooked dynamics of social interaction and individual choices. I am eager to delve into the author's analysis to understand the theoretical underpinnings of this concept. How does one quantify or even identify such a phenomenon? What are the societal implications of recognizing "forbearance" as a form of redistribution? This book, by its very title, promises a journey into the complex and often invisible forces that shape our social and economic realities, a journey I am keenly anticipating.
评分《Forbearance as Redistribution》这本书的书名，在我第一次看到它的时候，就立刻抓住了我的注意力。它并非那种一眼就能看透其内容的书名，而是带着一种引人深思的意味。这让我不禁联想到，在日常生活中，我们对“容忍”的理解往往是比较片面的，通常将其视为一种美德，一种个体选择。然而，将“容忍”与“重新分配”这样一个具有社会和经济学含义的词语并列，立刻就打开了一个全新的维度。 我开始想象，作者是如何将“容忍”从一个个人化的行为，提升到一个社会性、结构性的概念。也许，书中探讨的是某些社会群体为了维持社会的稳定，或者为了避免更大的冲突，不得不对某些不公平的待遇或资源分配的偏差采取“容忍”的态度。而这种“容忍”，在某种意义上，就构成了一种隐性的“重新分配”——那些被“容忍”的群体，实际上是在将自身本应获得的资源或权利，默默地让渡给了其他群体。 我对于书中所描绘的“重新分配”的具体形式充满了好奇。它是否是经济上的财富转移，还是权力上的地位变化，又或者是机会上的不均等？作者是否会通过具体的案例分析，来论证“容忍”在其中扮演的关键角色？我猜想，书中可能会引用大量的社会学、经济学和政治学的理论，来构建其论证的逻辑链条。 Furthermore, I'm intrigued by the potential implications of such a framework. If "forbearance" can indeed be understood as a mechanism of redistribution, then it fundamentally alters our perception of societal fairness and equity. It suggests that the absence of overt conflict might not necessarily equate to the presence of justice, and that hidden forms of sacrifice are constantly at play in maintaining social order. This book promises to be a challenging read, one that will force me to question my assumptions about how societies function and how power dynamics are maintained. The sheer audacity of connecting these two seemingly disparate concepts fills me with a sense of anticipation for a truly groundbreaking intellectual exploration.
评分《Forbearance as Redistribution》这本书的书名，带着一种独特的学术魅力，它不像市面上许多书籍那样直接点明内容，而是选择了一种更为含蓄和富有深意的方式。当我第一次读到这个书名时，我的大脑立刻开始运转，试图解读它背后可能蕴含的复杂含义。“容忍”是一个我们熟悉的概念，通常与美德、耐心和理解联系在一起。而“重新分配”则更多地出现在经济学和社会学的讨论中，指向资源、财富或权力的转移。 将这两个概念结合起来，立刻在我脑海中激起了一连串的疑问。作者是如何将“容忍”这一个人化的行为，与“重新分配”这种宏观的社会经济现象联系起来的？我猜测，书中可能是在探讨一种不那么显而易见的社会运作机制。或许，在某些情况下，某些群体因为各种原因，不得不“容忍”一种不公平的资源分配，而这种“容忍”，在某种意义上，就构成了对资源的“重新分配”。 The title suggests a nuanced understanding of social dynamics, where seemingly passive acts can have profound redistributive consequences. It hints at the possibility that the acceptance of certain inequalities, rather than challenging them, might inadvertently perpetuate them by allowing resources and opportunities to flow in particular directions. This perspective offers a compelling lens through which to examine the subtle power structures that often go unnoticed. I am particularly curious about the author’s methodology. How will they demonstrate the existence and impact of such “forbearance-based redistribution”? Will it involve detailed case studies of specific societies or communities? Or will it be a more theoretical exploration of the underlying principles? The title promises an intellectual exploration that delves into the hidden mechanisms of power and fairness, a prospect that fills me with anticipation.
评分《Forbearance as Redistribution》这本书的书名，如同一个精心设计的谜语，在初次见面时就深深地吸引了我。它没有给出任何具体的提示，却抛出了一个极具挑战性的概念组合。在现代社会，我们对“重新分配”的概念并不陌生，它往往与税收、福利制度、社会公平等议题紧密相连。然而，“容忍”一词，通常被视为一种个人化的美德，一种对他人的宽容与理解。 将这两个概念放在一起，立刻引发了我强烈的求知欲。我开始思考，作者究竟想表达一种怎样的关系？“容忍”是否是实现某种形式“重新分配”的手段？或者，“容忍”本身就是一种被隐藏的“重新分配”？我推测，书中可能探讨的是那些处于弱势地位的群体，为了社会的稳定或避免直接冲突，不得不“容忍”某些不公平的资源分配，而这种“容忍”，在客观上却成为了维持现有分配格局的一种方式。 The title’s elegance lies in its ambiguity, inviting a multiplicity of interpretations. It could suggest that certain societal groups, through their stoic acceptance of less favorable outcomes, are effectively redistributing societal resources away from themselves and towards others. This perspective challenges the traditional understanding of redistribution as a top-down, policy-driven process, instead positing it as a potentially organic, and perhaps even coerced, phenomenon driven by individual and collective forbearance. I am particularly interested in how the author will substantiate this claim. Will it involve empirical data, historical case studies, or theoretical arguments? The success of such a thesis hinges on its ability to demonstrate a clear causal or correlational link between forbearance and redistribution, a task that requires meticulous analysis and rigorous argumentation. The promise of such a deep dive into the subtle workings of social dynamics is what makes this book so compelling.
评分《Forbearance as Redistribution》这个书名，如同一扇通往未知领域的门，让我心生无限遐想。它以一种毫不张扬却又极具力量的方式，将“容忍”与“重新分配”这两个词语巧妙地结合在一起。这不仅仅是一个简单的文字组合，更像是一个充满哲学思辨的命题，一个等待被深入探索的社会现象。 在我看来，作者之所以选择“容忍”作为核心概念，并非偶然。在任何社会结构中，“容忍”都扮演着至关重要的角色。它可能是个体面对不公时的无奈选择，也可能是群体为了维护表面和谐而采取的策略。然而，当“容忍”被置于“重新分配”的语境下时，它的意义便发生了颠覆性的转变。它不再仅仅是一种个人品德，而可能成为一种被系统性利用的机制，一种暗中进行的资源与权力的转移。 我迫切想知道，作者是如何定义这种“容忍式重新分配”的。它是否涉及到某些社会群体，因为历史原因、弱势地位，或者缺乏有效的反抗手段，而不得不长期“容忍”资源的分配不均？这种“容忍”的代价是什么？而又是什么样的力量，促使他们以这种方式来“贡献”于社会的整体“重新分配”？ The title itself suggests a critical re-evaluation of widely accepted notions of social and economic justice. It hints at the possibility that the very act of not demanding one's rights, or of accepting a less favorable position, could be inadvertently contributing to the perpetuation of inequality. This is a powerful and potentially uncomfortable idea, and I am eager to see how the author navigates this complex terrain. I anticipate that the book will challenge conventional wisdom and present a compelling argument that compels readers to think differently about the hidden mechanisms that shape our world. The juxtaposition of these two terms is inherently provocative, and I am confident that the author's exploration will be both insightful and illuminating.
评分《Forbearance as Redistribution》这个书名，如同一枚精心雕琢的钥匙，开启了我对书中内容的无限遐想。它将“容忍”这个看似温和的词语，与“重新分配”这个通常带有经济学和社会学色彩的词语并置，瞬间创造了一种独特的张力，让我迫切地想要一探究竟。 在我看来，作者可能是在挑战我们对“容忍”的传统认知。我们通常将容忍视为一种美德，一种个体选择。然而，如果这种“容忍”并非出于自觉的美好愿望，而是源于某种压力或无奈，那么它是否就构成了一种被动的“重新分配”？我猜想，书中或许在探讨，某些群体因为缺乏话语权，或者因为害怕失去现有的微薄利益，而选择“容忍”一种不平等的资源分配，这种“容忍”实际上是将他们本应获得的资源“重新分配”给了更有势力的群体。 The title's brilliance lies in its ability to provoke critical thinking by juxtaposing seemingly disparate concepts. It suggests a deeper, more complex understanding of social dynamics, where the act of tolerating certain conditions can have significant redistributive effects. This perspective invites readers to question the assumptions underlying societal structures and to consider the subtler ways in which power and resources are managed. I am particularly excited to see how the author will develop this argument, providing evidence and analysis to support the notion that forbearance can indeed be a form of redistribution. The title itself is a powerful statement, hinting at a groundbreaking exploration of social justice and the hidden mechanisms that shape our world.
评分《Forbearance as Redistribution》这本书的书名，如同一幅写意的水墨画，在简洁的笔触中蕴含着深邃的意境。它将“容忍”与“重新分配”这两个看似不相关的概念，巧妙地融合在一起，勾勒出一种引人入胜的图景，让我无法不产生探究其内在联系的冲动。 我开始设想，作者或许是在探讨一种更深层次的社会权力运作逻辑。在许多社会情境中，“容忍”可能是一种被动的策略，是弱势群体为了避免冲突或维持某种脆弱的平衡而不得不采取的行为。而当这种“容忍”成为一种普遍现象时，它是否就等同于一种无声的“重新分配”？也就是说，那些被迫“容忍”不公的群体，实际上是在以一种间接的方式，将本应属于他们的资源或机会，重新分配给了那些占据优势地位的群体。 The title’s elegance stems from its capacity to challenge conventional interpretations of both "forbearance" and "redistribution." It suggests a departure from simplistic understandings, proposing instead a more intricate relationship where the act of tolerating certain situations can, in fact, be a mechanism for the reallocation of societal resources and power. This nuanced perspective is precisely what makes the book so compelling. I am eagerly anticipating the author's insights into the mechanisms through which this "forbearance as redistribution" operates and its broader implications for understanding social inequality. The title alone is a testament to the book's potential to offer a fresh and critical perspective on fundamental aspects of societal organization.
评分《Forbearance as Redistribution》这个书名，初次映入眼帘时，便给我一种既熟悉又陌生的感觉。熟悉的是“容忍”和“重新分配”这两个词语本身，它们都是我们日常生活中或学术讨论中常见的概念。陌生的是，将这两个词语以一种如此直接却又充满暗示性的方式组合在一起，这无疑为这本书的内容增添了无尽的想象空间。 我忍不住开始猜测，作者是如何将“容忍”这一行为，与“重新分配”这一宏观的社会经济概念联系起来的。在我看来，这可能是在探讨一种隐性的社会契约，或者是一种被忽视的权力运作模式。或许，书中会分析某些社会群体，为了维护社会的整体稳定，或者为了避免激化矛盾，不得不“容忍”某种程度的资源分配不公。而这种“容忍”，在某种程度上，就构成了对社会资源的“重新分配”。 The title is remarkably insightful, suggesting a complex interplay between individual agency and systemic forces. It hints at the possibility that the act of tolerating certain disparities or injustices, rather than actively resisting them, can contribute to the ongoing redistribution of societal benefits. This perspective challenges the conventional understanding of redistribution as a solely policy-driven phenomenon, opening up the possibility of more organic and perhaps less visible forms. I am particularly eager to explore the author's argument for how this "forbearance as redistribution" occurs and what its implications are for our understanding of social equity. The title alone promises a challenging and rewarding intellectual journey into the less-examined aspects of societal organization and resource allocation.
评分《Forbearance as Redistribution》这本书的书名本身就带着一种深邃的意味，让人在阅读之前就忍不住开始思考。它不像许多市面上畅销的书籍那样，有着直白而吸引眼球的标题，而是选择了一种更为内敛、更具学术气质的方式来命名。这种命名方式，在我看来，恰恰是作者想要引导读者进入的某种特定思考维度——关于“容忍”与“重新分配”之间错综复杂的关系。我一直对那些能够挑战我们既有认知、迫使我们审视常识的书籍充满好奇，《Forbearance as Redistribution》无疑就是这样一本。 在翻开这本书之前，我脑海中已经浮现出无数种可能性。它或许是在探讨社会公平的议题，将“容忍”作为一种潜在的社会资源，被不同群体以不同的方式“分配”和“消耗”。亦或是，它可能是在一个更微观的层面，审视人际关系中的“容忍”行为，揭示了那些看似微不足道的让步和妥协，实际上是如何悄无声息地重塑权力结构和资源分配的。我甚至猜测，书中可能还会涉及政治哲学，探讨国家机器在执行公共政策时，对不同社会阶层和群体采取的“容忍”态度，以及这种态度背后所隐藏的经济和社会意图。 这本书的封面设计也极具匠心。它没有选择那种色彩斑斓、图案繁复的设计，而是采用了简约而富有质感的风格。深邃的蓝色背景，搭配着一种低调的金色字体，营造出一种沉静而充满智慧的氛围。这种设计语言，仿佛在无声地宣告着这本书的价值所在——它并非是追求短暂的感官刺激，而是致力于提供一种更深刻、更长久的精神食粮。我喜欢这种留白和意境，它给了读者足够大的想象空间，让他们能够在阅读之前，就开始构建属于自己的理解框架。 我的好奇心被彻底点燃了。我迫不及待地想要深入这本书的字里行间，去探寻作者究竟是如何将“容忍”这个看似温和的词汇，与“重新分配”这个充满力量和争议的概念联系起来的。我期待作者能够提供一种全新的视角，一种能够穿透表象、直抵本质的分析方法。这本书的书名，让我感觉它将会是一次智力上的冒险，一次对既定观念的挑战，一次对社会运作机制的深度剖析。
评分《Forbearance as Redistribution》这本书的书名，如同一个精巧的智力游戏，在阅读之前就要求我积极参与其中，进行思考和联想。它将“容忍”这样一个通常与个人品德或人际关系相关的词汇，与“重新分配”这个在社会科学领域频繁出现的概念并置。这种组合本身就充满了张力，引发了我对两者之间潜在联系的好奇。 我开始设想，书中可能在探索“容忍”作为一种被动或主动的策略，在社会资源分配过程中所扮演的角色。也许，某些群体因为处于弱势地位，或者为了避免更大的社会动荡，而选择“容忍”某种程度的不公，这种“容忍”的行为，在客观上是否就构成了一种对资源的“重新分配”？这种“重新分配”并非通过显性的政策或法律实现，而是通过个体或群体的选择性“容忍”来实现的。 The title’s power lies in its ability to reframe our understanding of social phenomena. It suggests that what might appear as passive acceptance or resignation could, in fact, be an active, albeit indirect, mechanism of redistribution. This perspective challenges us to look beyond overt acts of policy and examine the subtler ways in which societal arrangements are maintained and resources are allocated. I am particularly intrigued by the potential for this book to offer a fresh perspective on issues of inequality and social justice. If forbearance can indeed be understood as a form of redistribution, then it implies that the very act of accepting the status quo can contribute to its perpetuation. This is a thought-provoking idea that promises to spark critical reflection on the roles we play in shaping our societies.
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