The Japanese Samurai Code

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出版者:Tuttle Pub
作者:De Mente, Boye Lafayette
出品人:
页数:192
译者:
出版时间:2005-4
价格:$ 14.63
装帧:Pap
isbn号码:9780804836524
丛书系列:
图书标签:
  • 武士道
  • 日本文化
  • 历史
  • 武士
  • 荣誉
  • 道德
  • 日本历史
  • 武士精神
  • 传统
  • 战争艺术
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具体描述

Japan has achieved a number of triumphs due to the cultural traits inherited from their samurai ancestors. Examples include the country's transformation from a warrior-dominated agrarian society to a modern industrial nation, and its rebound from the destruction of World War II to its status as the second largest economy in the world. Japanologist Boye Lafayette De Mente identifies the character traits in the samurai code of ethics that made these incredible transformations possible. He explains how these traits can be applied by anyone to enhance their own personal skills and performance, making "The Japanese Samurai Code" a success manual for everyone.

《铁与樱:江户时代武士的日常生活与精神世界》 书籍简介 本书深入剖析了日本历史上一个引人入胜的时代——江户时代(1603-1868年),聚焦于支撑这个长期和平时期的核心阶层:武士。不同于许多仅关注战场英勇或晦涩哲学论著的传统叙事,《铁与樱》旨在描绘一个立体、细致且充满日常烟火气的武士群体。我们不仅探究了他们作为统治阶层的政治职能和军事准备,更着重揭示了他们在和平年代所面临的身份困境、经济压力以及文化建构。 第一部分:从战国到幕府——身份的固化与重塑 江户时代的到来,标志着日本进入了长达两百多年的大和平时期。对于世代以战斗为生的武士阶层而言,这种“强制和平”带来了巨大的结构性转变。 1. 幕藩体制下的武士阶层结构: 本章详细梳理了德川幕府建立后,武士等级的重新划分。从地位最高的“旗本”(直属将军的家臣)到各藩的“御家人”,再到地位最低的“徒目付”和“足轻”的转变。我们分析了户籍制度(兵农分离的最终确立)如何将武士的身份世袭化,并探讨了这一制度如何从根本上巩固了德川的统治基础,同时也为武士阶层的僵化埋下了伏笔。 2. “文武两道”的理论与实践: 随着战事的停止,对武士的要求从单纯的勇武转向对儒家经典的研读。本书考察了朱子学作为官方哲学是如何被引入武士教育体系的。然而,我们并非简单地罗列儒家经典,而是通过分析地方藩校的教材、武士家庭的家训(如《家中教》),揭示了“文”与“武”之间在实践中的张力。例如,在和平时期,一个武士如何平衡对官僚职责的履行与对武术修养的坚持?他们的“武”更多地体现在剑道(如神道梦想流杖术、香取神道流)的演练、弓术的射礼,而非真正的生死搏杀。 3. 领地与俸禄的经济困境: 江户时代的武士主要依靠幕府或藩主发放的“俸禄”(石高制下的米禄)。随着商业经济的发展和米价的波动,许多中下级武士的实际购买力不断下降。本书利用史料分析了武士阶层对高利贷的依赖,以及他们如何试图通过兼营商业、担任幕府或藩内文职工作来弥补收入的不足。这种经济上的压力,直接影响了他们家庭的日常开支和子弟的教育选择。 第二部分:日常生活的细节与仪式 武士的生活远非教科书上描述的那般单调。本书着重于描绘他们日常的衣食住行、社交礼仪以及家庭结构。 1. 居所与生活空间: 考察了武士宅邸(武家屋敷)的建筑形制,以及不同等级的武士在居住面积、仆役数量上的差异。重点分析了“座敷”(待客的正式房间)中陈设的象征意义,以及“水屋”(厨房)在家庭管理中的角色。 2. 饮食文化的变化: 尽管武士阶层推崇节俭,但随着米产量的提高和文化交流的深入,他们的饮食结构也在发生变化。本书通过食谱和账目记载,展现了武士家庭在正式宴会(如招待上级或进行婚礼)时所展现的精致料理(本膳料理),以及日常中对茶道、香道等雅致文化的融入。 3. 婚姻、继承与家庭伦理: 武士家庭的婚姻往往是政治联姻或地位巩固的工具。我们将探讨“家督继承”的制度如何决定继承人的选择,以及侧室(妾)在维系家族血脉中的地位。女性(武家之妻)在家庭中的管理权力和她们所受的严格礼仪教育,构成了武士社会稳定的重要一环。 第三部分:精神世界的构建与危机 和平年代,武士的精神生活转向了对“道”的追求,但也伴随着巨大的身份认同危机。 1. 幽默、娱乐与宣泄: 长期处于被压抑的社会环境中,武士也有其放松的途径。本章探讨了他们参与的休闲活动,如歌舞伎(尽管初期存在争议)、围棋、相扑,以及在特定节日中进行的仪式性狩猎活动(如鹰猎)。这些活动如何提供了一个暂时的出口,以缓解维持严格礼仪所带来的心理负担。 2. 宗教信仰与来世观: 探究了武士对禅宗(特别是临济宗)的偏好,这种信仰如何提供了一种面对死亡和不确定性的心理准备。同时,对神道教仪式的参与,尤其是对祖先的崇拜,如何维系了家族的延续感和荣誉感。 3. 时代末期的动荡与选择: 随着西方列强的叩关和幕府权威的衰落,武士群体内部出现了严重的分裂。本书详述了“尊王攘夷”思想如何从边缘走向主流,并分析了从支持开国到反对幕府的知识分子武士群体(如佐久间象山、吉田松阴等)所经历的思想挣扎。最后,我们将以幕末的冲突为引子,揭示这份古老阶层的最终命运,以及他们留给后世的复杂遗产。 《铁与樱》旨在提供一种多维度的视角,将武士从符号化的“武士道精神”中解放出来,还原为生活在特定历史和经济条件下的复杂个体,探索他们在长久和平中如何定义自己的存在意义。

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我不得不承认,起初翻开《武士道准则》(The Japanese Samurai Code)这本书时,我并没有抱有太高的期望。我对日本历史的了解仅限于一些片面的印象,总觉得武士的世界离我很遥远,充满了血腥和暴力,不太可能有什么深刻的哲学意义。然而,这本书彻底颠覆了我的固有认知,让我仿佛置身于一个古老而又充满智慧的世界。作者用一种极其引人入胜的方式,将武士的道德体系、行为规范以及人生哲学娓娓道来。我尤其被书中关于“克己”(self-control)的论述所吸引。它不仅仅是压抑个人欲望,更是一种对内在精神的修炼,是在复杂环境中保持冷静、清晰思考的能力。书中有大量的例子,展现了武士如何在巨大的压力下,依然能够保持理智,做出最符合道义的选择,而不是被情绪所左右。这对于我这个经常被各种生活琐事困扰的人来说,无疑是一种极大的启示。同时,书中对“死亡观”的解读也让我深受触动。武士对死亡的态度,并不是消极避世,而是将其视为生命的一部分,是一种对责任的承担,是一种对荣誉的守护。他们能够坦然面对死亡,甚至将其视为实现人生价值的最终方式,这种超越生死的境界,实在令人惊叹。我记得其中一个章节,讲述了一位武士在明知必死的情况下,依然毫不畏惧地冲向战场,保护自己的同袍和领主。那份视死如归的决心,让我看到了人性的光辉。这本书就像一位良师益友,它没有说教,只是通过一个个生动的故事,潜移默化地影响着我,让我对生命、对责任、对勇气有了更深的理解。

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我必须说,这本《武士道法则》(The Japanese Samurai Code)彻底改变了我对日本武士的看法。我之前对他们的印象,大多来自于影视作品,总觉得他们是一群只知道挥刀砍杀的战士,充满了暴力美学,但缺乏深层次的精神内核。然而,这本书让我看到了一个完全不同的武士形象,一个内心世界丰富、精神追求高尚的群体。作者非常巧妙地将武士的道德规范、行为准则与他们的日常生活、战争实践相结合,使得这些抽象的概念变得鲜活而易于理解。我尤其对书中关于“勇气”的讨论印象深刻,它不仅仅是战场上的匹夫之勇,更是一种内心的坚定,是对自身信念的守护,是在困境中不畏艰难、勇于承担责任的精神力量。书中描绘的那些在绝境中依然保持冷静、从容应对的武士形象,让我肃然起敬。还有关于“礼仪”的部分,我之前以为这只是表面的形式,但这本书让我明白,礼仪是武士精神的外在体现,是他们内心尊重他人、尊重秩序的一种方式,也是他们社会地位和自我约束的象征。那些繁复而精美的仪式,背后蕴含的是对细节的极致追求和对和谐社会的向往。我记得书中举了一个例子,关于一位武士如何通过一次庄重的送别仪式,来表达对战死同袍的敬意,那份情感的细腻和真挚,让我深受感动。这本书不是那种枯燥乏味的学术著作,它充满了故事性和人文关怀,读起来像是在听一位智者讲述历史的传奇。它让我看到了武士不仅仅是战士,更是承载着一种独特文化精神的载体,他们的生活哲学,即便在今天,也依然有着深刻的借鉴意义。

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Frankly, I picked up "The Japanese Samurai Code" with a fair amount of skepticism. I’d encountered popular portrayals of samurai that felt somewhat superficial, focusing more on the spectacle than the substance. However, this book has proven to be a profound and illuminating experience, one that has fundamentally shifted my perspective. The author has a remarkable talent for presenting the core tenets of the samurai way in a way that is both intellectually stimulating and emotionally engaging. I was particularly struck by the in-depth analysis of "self-reflection" (反省 - Hansei). The book emphasizes that this wasn't merely about regretting mistakes, but about a constant, introspective process of self-evaluation, of understanding one's actions and their consequences, and of actively striving for personal improvement. The examples of samurai engaging in meticulous self-critique, even after successful missions, highlight a dedication to personal growth that is truly awe-inspiring. This wasn't about ego, but about a deep-seated commitment to becoming a better individual, a more effective warrior, and a more virtuous human being. Furthermore, the exploration of the samurai's relationship with "nature" (自然 - Shizen) provided a fascinating dimension. It wasn’t just an aesthetic appreciation, but a philosophical understanding of the interconnectedness of all things, and how observing and learning from the natural world could foster inner peace and strategic insight. The book weaves in elements of how the samurai drew inspiration and discipline from the changing seasons and the natural landscape, enriching their understanding of life and combat. This book is a testament to the enduring power of a well-defined ethical framework, offering valuable insights into the human condition and the pursuit of excellence, applicable far beyond the realm of ancient Japan.

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读完《武士的准则》(The Japanese Samurai Code),我感觉自己仿佛经历了时空的穿越,与那些遥远的灵魂进行了一次深刻的对话。我一直对那些充满传奇色彩的历史人物和他们的行为准则感到好奇,而这本书,恰恰满足了我这份好奇心。作者的叙述方式非常独特,它没有采用那种流水账式的历史记载,而是将每一个概念、每一个原则都融入到一个个生动的故事之中,让我感觉自己仿佛亲身经历了那些历史场景,与那些武士们一同感受他们的喜怒哀乐。我尤其被书中关于“坚韧”(perseverance)的描述所打动。它不仅仅是身体上的耐力,更是一种精神上的不屈,是在面对巨大困难和挫折时,依然能够坚持下去,永不放弃的决心。书中有很多关于武士在战败后,依然能够重新振作,继续为复仇或效忠而奋斗的故事,那份顽强的生命力,让我由衷地感到敬佩。同时,书中也对“智慧”(wisdom)在武士生活中的重要性进行了深入的探讨。它不仅仅是战场上的谋略,更是日常生活中的处事之道,是如何在复杂的社会环境中,做出最明智的判断和选择。我记得其中一个章节,讲述了一位年长的武士,如何通过他的智慧,化解了一场可能引发大规模冲突的危机,那份深邃的洞察力和卓越的判断力,让我看到了智者身上特有的光芒。这本书不仅仅是关于武士,更是一种关于人生智慧的启迪,它让我思考,在面对生活中的种种挑战时,我们是否也能够拥有那份坚韧和智慧,去创造属于自己的传奇。

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This is a book that has truly resonated with me on multiple levels. "The Japanese Samurai Code" (which I've come to think of as the very essence of their warrior spirit) has opened my eyes to a world of discipline, philosophy, and an unyielding pursuit of personal growth that I hadn't fully appreciated before. The author's approach to explaining the samurai's code is nothing short of masterful. Instead of presenting a dry list of rules, they delve into the very soul of each principle, illustrating its practical application and philosophical underpinnings through vivid historical anecdotes. I was particularly captivated by the chapter on "self-discipline" (克己 - Kokki). It's far more than just abstaining from indulgences; it's about the rigorous training of the mind and spirit to overcome one's baser instincts and to act with unwavering resolve. The examples of samurai enduring extreme hardship, both physically and mentally, without succumbing to despair or weakness, are truly inspiring. They demonstrate a profound understanding of the human capacity for resilience when guided by a strong moral compass. Furthermore, the book's exploration of the samurai's "dedication" (忠誠 - Chūsei) goes beyond simple loyalty. It speaks of an almost sacred commitment, a willingness to lay down one's life for a cause or a person, not out of blind obedience, but out of a deep-seated sense of duty and honor. The stories of samurai who remained loyal even in the face of overwhelming adversity, or who chose a path of honorable death rather than compromise their principles, are deeply moving and offer a powerful commentary on the nature of commitment. This book is a journey into the heart of a culture that valued integrity, perseverance, and a profound respect for life's fundamental principles, offering lessons that are timeless and universally applicable.

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这本书,我得好好说说。《武士道精神》(The Japanese Samurai Code)给我的感觉,就像打开了一扇通往神秘东方的窗户,让我得以一窥那些曾经叱咤风云的人物背后,究竟有着怎样的精神支撑。我一直觉得,一个时代的文化,往往能够体现在其精英阶层的行为准则之中,而武士,无疑是日本封建时代最具有代表性的精英群体。这本书最让我着迷的地方,在于它并没有简单地罗列武士的规矩,而是深入地剖析了这些规矩背后的哲学思想和价值观念。比如“仁”(benevolence),我之前以为这只是佛教的普世观念,但作者阐述了武士如何将“仁”融入到他们的行为之中,如何在战争中保持一定的克制,在对待百姓时展现出关怀。这种矛盾中统一的特质,让我对武士有了更立体的认识。书中的很多章节,都如同一个个精彩的微型故事,讲述了武士在不同情境下的选择和担当。我尤其被一个关于“诚信”的故事所打动,一位武士为了兑现一个看似微不足道的承诺,付出了巨大的代价,但却赢得了对手的尊重。这种对契约精神的坚守,让我看到了一个古老民族在道德层面的高度追求。此外,书中对于“名誉”(honor)的探讨,也让我反复琢磨。它不仅仅是为了面子,更是武士精神的生命线,一旦失去,便如同行尸走肉。这种对个人价值和群体认同的深刻理解,是理解武士行动逻辑的关键。这本书不仅仅是关于历史,更是一种关于人生价值和道德操守的深刻探讨,它让我思考,在现代社会,我们是否依然能够坚守那些普世的道德原则。

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我 must say, this book, "The Japanese Samurai Code," has been an absolute revelation for me. I've always been intrigued by the mystique surrounding the samurai, but felt a certain distance from truly understanding their ethos. This book, however, bridges that gap with remarkable clarity and depth. The author has a gift for weaving complex philosophical ideas into compelling narratives, making the ancient code of the samurai accessible and profoundly relevant. What struck me most profoundly was the discussion on "compassion" (仁 - Jin). It wasn't presented as a mere platitude, but as a fundamental pillar of the samurai's moral framework, influencing their decisions in battle, their interactions with society, and their overall approach to life. The examples provided, of samurai demonstrating empathy and mercy even amidst the brutal realities of warfare, were particularly moving and challenged my preconceived notions of them as solely instruments of violence. The book doesn't shy away from the harsher aspects, but rather contextualizes them within the broader philosophical landscape. I also found the exploration of "honor" (名誉 - Meiyo) to be incredibly insightful. It's not just about personal pride, but about a deep-seated commitment to one's principles, one's lord, and one's community. The consequences of losing honor were depicted as devastating, underscoring its paramount importance in their lives. The detailed accounts of how samurai navigated situations where their honor was at stake, often involving immense personal sacrifice, were both gripping and thought-provoking. This book has offered me a more nuanced and humanized perspective on the samurai, revealing them not just as warriors, but as individuals grappling with profound moral and ethical questions, striving for a life of purpose and integrity.

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我必须说,这本书,也就是《日本武士道》(The Japanese Samurai Code),绝对是一次令人振奋的阅读体验。我一直对东亚历史文化情有独钟,但总觉得武士道是一个既吸引人又难以真正理解的概念。它似乎笼罩在一层神秘的面纱之下,充满了矛盾和争议。而这本书,则以一种极其冷静且深刻的笔触,将这层神秘的面纱一点点揭开,让我得以窥见武士们内心深处的精神世界。作者在解读“武士道”的核心原则时,非常注重其历史渊源和实际应用,而不是仅仅停留在概念层面。我特别欣赏书中关于“正直”(integrity)的论述,它不仅仅是诚实守信,更是一种超越个人利益的道德操守,是一种在任何情况下都坚持真理、不随波逐流的精神。书中通过一些历史人物的鲜活事迹,展现了武士们是如何在复杂的人际关系和政治斗争中,依然能够保持内心的纯净和行为的正直,这本身就是一种了不起的成就。同时,书中也并没有回避武士道中那些被现代人诟病的部分,比如其森严的等级制度和对权威的绝对服从。作者通过多角度的分析,让我们看到这些制度和观念形成的时代背景,以及它们在当时社会中所扮演的角色,从而帮助我们更客观地去理解和评价。我记得其中一个章节,详细介绍了武士在处理家族纷争时的原则,那种在维护家族荣誉的同时,也力求公正和体面的方式,让我看到了古人智慧的精妙之处。这本书就像一部精心编排的交响乐,它将武士道中各种复杂的元素巧妙地融合在一起,奏响了一曲关于荣誉、责任和精神追求的壮丽乐章。

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I've been on a quest to understand the historical figures who shaped different cultures, and "The Japanese Samurai Code" has been an indispensable guide. It's not just a history book; it's a deep dive into the very psyche of a formidable warrior class. The author's ability to distill complex concepts into understandable and engaging prose is remarkable. What truly set this book apart for me was its exploration of "justice" (義 - Gi) as a guiding principle for the samurai. It wasn't a rigid, black-and-white concept, but a nuanced understanding of fairness, righteousness, and moral responsibility. The book showcases how samurai were expected to act with integrity, to uphold the law, and to protect the innocent, even when it meant defying authority or facing personal danger. The detailed accounts of samurai who intervened in situations of injustice, risking their own lives to do what was right, were incredibly powerful. It painted a picture of a warrior who was not just skilled in combat, but also deeply committed to ethical conduct. Moreover, the discussion on "modesty" (謙虚 - Kenkyo) was equally enlightening. In a world often obsessed with self-promotion, the samurai's emphasis on humility and quiet competence was a refreshing contrast. The book illustrates how this virtue was not a sign of weakness, but a mark of true strength and self-awareness, allowing them to continuously learn and improve. The narratives of renowned samurai who remained humble despite their achievements, always seeking to refine their skills and character, are truly inspiring. This book has provided me with a far richer and more comprehensive understanding of the samurai, revealing a complex tapestry of virtues that extended far beyond the battlefield.

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这本书真是让我大开眼界,我一直对日本武士道文化充满好奇,但很多零散的资料总是让我觉得难以窥探其精髓。直到我翻开《武士之魂》(The Japanese Samurai Code),我才发现,原来理解这些历史人物和他们的行为准则,并不需要深厚的学术背景,它用一种非常引人入胜的方式,将那些古老的智慧娓娓道来。我特别喜欢作者对于“忠诚”这一概念的解读,它不仅仅是简单的服从,更是一种基于荣誉感和责任感的深刻承诺,是武士精神的核心基石。书中通过大量生动的故事和案例,比如那些在危难时刻挺身而出、以身殉职的武士,让我深刻体会到这种忠诚所承载的沉甸甸的意义。同时,书中也并没有回避武士道中那些看似残酷的一面,例如切腹的仪式,作者并没有仅仅将其描述为一种自杀行为,而是深入探讨了其背后的哲学和心理动因,将其视为一种维护尊严、承担责任的终极方式。这种 nuanced 的视角,让我能够更全面、更客观地理解武士的生存哲学,而不是简单地将其标签化。此外,书中对于“义”(正义)的阐释也让我受益匪浅。它不仅仅是法律层面的公平,更是一种道德上的良知,是武士在面对不公时必须遵循的准则。我记得有一段关于某位武士在遭受陷害时,如何坚持原则,不屈不挠地寻求真相的故事,那份坚韧和正直,至今仍让我心潮澎湃。这本书就像一位饱经沧桑的长者,用他的人生智慧,为我这个晚辈指点迷津,让我看到了那些被时间尘封的闪光点,也让我对人性、对道义有了更深的思考。我强烈推荐给所有对历史、对哲学、对人性感兴趣的朋友们,它一定会给你带来意想不到的启发。

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