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Nowhere on Earth is the challenge for ecological understanding greater, and yet more urgent, than in those parts of the globe where human activity is most intense - cities. People need to understand how cities work as ecological systems so they can take control of the vital links between human actions and environmental quality, and work for an ecologically and economically sustainable future. An ecosystem approach integrates biological, physical and social factors and embraces historical and geographical dimensions, providing our best hope for coping with the complexity of cities. This book is a first of its kind effort to bring together leaders in the biological, physical and social dimensions of urban ecosystem research with leading education researchers, administrators and practitioners, to show how an understanding of urban ecosystems is vital for urban dwellers to grasp the fundamentals of ecological and environmental science, and to understand their own environment.

Preface vii
Acknowledgments xi
Participants xvii
Contributors xxv
1 Introduction: Ecosystem Understanding Is a Key to Understanding Cities 1
Charles H. Nilon, Alan R. Berkowitz, and Karen S. Hollweg
Section I The Importance of Understanding Urban Ecosystems: Themes 15
Alan R. Berkowitz, Charles H. Nilon, and Karen S. Hollweg
2 Why Is Understanding Urban Ecosystems an Important Frontier for Education and Educators? 19
Karen S. Hollweg, Celestine H. Pea, and Alan R. Berkowitz
3 The Role of Understanding Urban Ecosystems in Community Development 39
Jack K. Shu
4 Why Is Understanding Urban Ecosystems Important to People Concerned About Environmental Justice? 46
Bunyan Bryant and John Callewaert
5 Why Is Developing a Broad Understanding of Urban Ecosystems Important to Science and Scientists? 58
Steward T.A. Pickett
Section II Foundations and Frontiers from the
Natural and Social Sciences: Themes 73
Charles H. Nilon, Alan R. Berkowitz, and
Karen S. Hollweg
6 Natural Ecosystems in Cities: A Model for Cities as Ecosystems 77
Anthony D. Bradshaw
7 An Ecosystem Approach to Understanding Cities: Familiar Foundations and Uncharted Frontiers 95
Nancy B. Grimm, Lawrence J. Baker, and Diane Hope
8 Understanding Urban Ecosystems: An Ecological Economics Perspective 115
William E. Rees
9 Social Science Concepts and Frameworks for Understanding Urban Ecosystems 137
Carolyn Harrison and Jacquie Burgess
10 The Future of Urban Ecosystem Education from a Social Scientist’s Perspective: The Value of Involving the People You Are Studying in Your Work 150
John B.Wolford
11 A Social Ecology Approach to Understanding Urban Ecosystems and Landscapes 167
J. Morgan Grove, Karen E. Hinson, and Robert J. Northrop
12 The Historical Dimension of Urban Ecology: Frameworks and Concepts 187
Martin V. Melosi
13 Urban Ecosystems, City Planning, and Environmental Education: Literature, Precedents, Key Concepts, and Prospects 201
Anne Whiston Spirn
14 A Human Ecology Model for the Tianjin Urban Ecosystem: Integrating Human Ecology, Ecosystem Science, and Philosophical Views into Urban Eco-Complex Study 213
Rusong Wang and Zhiyun Ouyang
Section III Foundations and Frontiers from Education Theory and Practice: Themes 229
Karen S. Hollweg, Alan R. Berkowitz, and Charles H. Nilon
15 Psychological and Ecological Perspectives on the Development of Systems Thinking 233
Kathleen Hogan and Kathleen C.Weathers
16 Toward Ecology Literacy: Contributions from Project 2061 Science Literacy Reform Tools 261
Jo Ellen Roseman and Luli Stern
17 An Interdisciplinary Approach to Urban Ecosystems 282
Bora Simmons
18 Children for Cities and Cities for Children: Learning to Know and Care About Urban Ecosystems 294
Louise Chawla with Ilaria Salvadori
19 “Ecological Thinking” as a Tool for Understanding Urban Ecosystems: A Model from Israel 315
Shoshana Keiny, Moshe Shachak, and Noa Avriel-Avni
20 Systems Thinking and Urban Ecosystem Education 328
Gary C. Smith
21 Approaches to Urban Ecosystem Education in Chicago: Perspectives and Processes from an Environmental Educator 343
Carol Fialkowski
22 “Campus Ecology” Curriculum as a Means to Teach Urban Environmental Literacy 355
Bruce W. Grant
23 Ecosystem Management Education: Teaching and Learning Principles and Applications with Problem-Based Learning 370
Henry Campa III, Delia F. Raymer, and Christine Hanaburgh
24 Using the Development of an Environmental Management System to Develop and Promote a More Holistic Understanding of Urban Ecosystems in Durban, South Africa 384
Debra C. Roberts
Section IV Visions for the Future of Urban Ecosystem Education: Themes 399
Alan R. Berkowitz, Karen S. Hollweg, and Charles H. Nilon
25 Urban Ecosystems and the Twenty-First Century— A Global Imperative 401
Frank B. Golley
26 Out the Door and Down the Street—Enhancing Play, Community, and Work Environments as If Adulthood Mattered 417
William R. Burch, Jr., and Jacqueline M. Carrera
27 Integrating Urban Ecosystem Education into Educational Reform 430
Rodger W. Bybee
28 The Contribution of Urban Ecosystem Education to the Development of Sustainable Communities and Cities 450
Julian Agyeman
29 Perspectives on the Future of Urban Ecosystem Education: A Summary of Cary Conference VIII 465
Peter Cullen
30 Urban Ecosystem Education in the Coming Decade: What Is Possible and How Can We Get There? 476
Alan R. Berkowitz, Karen S. Hollweg, and Charles H. Nilon
Index 503
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