Understanding Urban Ecosystems pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2026
出版者:Springer Verlag
作者:Cary Conference 1999 (Institute of Ecosystem Studies)/ Nilon, Charles H. (EDT)/ Hollweg, Karen S. (E
出品人:
页数:554
译者:
出版时间:2002-12
价格:$ 111.87
装帧:Pap
isbn号码:9780387952376
丛书系列:
图书标签:
- 城市生态系统
- 城市环境
- 生态学
- 可持续发展
- 城市规划
- 生物多样性
- 环境科学
- 生态系统服务
- 城市化
- 环境管理
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具体描述
Nowhere on Earth is the challenge for ecological understanding greater, and yet more urgent, than in those parts of the globe where human activity is most intense - cities. People need to understand how cities work as ecological systems so they can take control of the vital links between human actions and environmental quality, and work for an ecologically and economically sustainable future. An ecosystem approach integrates biological, physical and social factors and embraces historical and geographical dimensions, providing our best hope for coping with the complexity of cities. This book is a first of its kind effort to bring together leaders in the biological, physical and social dimensions of urban ecosystem research with leading education researchers, administrators and practitioners, to show how an understanding of urban ecosystems is vital for urban dwellers to grasp the fundamentals of ecological and environmental science, and to understand their own environment.
城市生态学：探寻人与自然在都市中的共生之道 图书名称： 城市生态学：探寻人与自然在都市中的共生之道 作者： [此处可填写虚构的知名生态学家姓名，例如：艾琳·麦肯齐 博士] 出版社： [此处可填写虚构的权威学术出版社，例如：环球科学出版社] ISBN： [此处可填写虚构的ISBN] 内容简介 在人类历史的长河中，城市一直是文明进步的象征，是经济活动与社会互动的核心。然而，随着全球城市化进程以前所未有的速度推进，我们赖以生存的自然环境正遭受着严峻的挑战。钢筋水泥的丛林似乎与生机勃勃的自然景观形成了不可调和的对立面。本书《城市生态学：探寻人与自然在都市中的共生之道》，正是为了挑战这一传统观念而诞生的里程碑式著作。它不仅是一本关于城市环境科学的教科书，更是一份引领我们重新审视和构建未来城市形态的行动指南。 本书的核心论点在于：城市并非自然的对立面，而是一种独特的、高度复杂的人地复合生态系统。通过深入剖析城市内部的物质循环、能量流动、生物多样性维持机制以及人类活动对这些过程的影响，本书构建了一个全面、动态且极具操作性的城市生态学理论框架。 全书共分为五大部分，逻辑严谨，层层递进，从基础理论深入到前沿实践，旨在为城市规划师、环境科学家、政策制定者以及所有关心城市未来福祉的公民，提供一套清晰、科学的分析工具和解决方案。 --- 第一部分：城市生态系统的基础构建与概念重塑 本部分着重于为读者建立理解现代城市复杂性的理论基石。我们首先探讨了“城市化”的生态学含义，将其定义为一种景观尺度的、由人类驱动的剧烈生态系统转变过程。 章节亮点包括： 城市作为异质性景观： 详细阐述了城市内部的异质性，区分了高密度核心区、郊区蔓延带、棕地（Brownfields）和绿地斑块的生态学特征。我们引入了“建成环境的生态位（Niche of the Built Environment）”概念，用以描述建筑结构如何改变了当地的气候、水文和土壤条件。 城市物质与能量流动的透视： 本章采用系统动力学方法，追踪城市必需的外部输入（水、食物、能源）和废弃物（垃圾、污染物、热能）的路径和转化效率。我们强调了城市“代谢”的非可持续性特征，并初步提出了“生态足迹”与“生态承载力”在城市尺度上的应用挑战。 城市生物多样性的新定义： 传统的生物多样性研究往往聚焦于保护遥远的荒野。本书则开创性地提出了“城市适应性生物群（Urban-Adapted Biota）”的概念，探讨哪些物种能够成功地在人类高度干扰的环境中生存、演化，以及它们对城市生态系统功能（如授粉、病虫害控制）所起到的隐性作用。 --- 第二部分：关键生态过程在都市环境中的扭曲与调适 城市环境对自然过程的干扰是全方位的。本部分细致入微地解剖了水循环、气候调节和土壤健康这三大关键生态系统服务在城市中的表现形式。 水文剧变：不透水表面的生态后果 详细分析了城市雨洪管理的失败案例，重点关注径流加速、地下水补给受阻和城市内涝的关联性。章节深入探讨了“海绵城市”理念的生态学根源，并比较了不同透水铺装材料在模拟自然入渗过程中的差异化表现。 城市热岛效应的精细化建模： 本书不仅重申了城市热岛效应的普遍性，更首次将热力学原理与城市几何形态（如建筑高度、街道峡谷比）紧密结合，构建了一个预测局部微气候热应激的综合模型。同时，详细论述了林冠覆盖度、水体蒸发和屋顶材料选择对缓解热应激的量化贡献。 土壤的“失忆”与修复： 城市土壤遭受了严重的物理压实、化学污染和生物多样性丧失。本章聚焦于城市土壤的退化机制，并介绍了基于微生物群落重塑的生物修复技术（Bioremediation）在城市棕地复垦中的应用前景，强调恢复土壤的碳固存能力是应对气候变化的关键一环。 --- 第三部分：人居环境中的生态服务供给与价值评估 城市居民对自然服务的需求是巨大且隐性的。本部分将焦点转向城市生态系统为人类提供的直接利益，并尝试以科学和经济的语言将其量化。 城市蓝绿基础设施（Green-Blue Infrastructure, GBI）的生态功能： 系统梳理了城市公园、河流廊道、人工湿地和屋顶绿化等GIB的生态功能矩阵。本章特别强调了连通性（Connectivity）的重要性，阐述了生态廊道如何支撑物种迁移并维持基因交流，而非仅仅是孤立的绿色斑块。 空气质量的生物过滤作用： 通过实地监测数据，量化了特定城市树种和植被结构对PM2.5、臭氧等大气污染物的吸收、沉降和转化效率。研究揭示了不同树冠形态在城市微风环境中的空气净化潜力差异。 生态系统服务经济价值评估（ESVA）： 本书采用了最新的环境经济学工具，对城市提供的“免费”服务进行了货币化评估，例如，通过计算树木提供的降温服务节省的能源成本，以及湿地提供的洪水缓冲价值。这一部分旨在为城市决策者提供硬性数据支持，证明生态保护即是经济投资。 --- 第四部分：城市群落的演化：疾病生态学与人类健康 城市生态系统的复杂性也意味着病原体、宿主和环境因素之间的相互作用更为微妙。本部分跨越了传统生态学和公共卫生的边界。 城市啮齿动物与媒介传播疾病的生态学根源： 分析了城市化如何改变了野生动物的栖息地和行为模式，从而增加了人畜共患疾病（如莱姆病、西尼罗河病毒）的传播风险。研究重点放在了城市“边缘效应”与疾病爆发频率的关系上。 城市“健康景观”的设计： 探讨了自然接触对人类心理和生理健康的益处。本章引入了“自然暴露剂量”的概念，并基于神经科学研究，为规划师设计出能够最大化认知恢复和压力缓解效果的城市绿地布局提供了基于证据的建议。 入侵物种的生态动力学： 城市作为全球交通的节点，是外来入侵物种的天然入口。本书分析了哪些城市特征（如高扰动、低生物多样性）有利于入侵物种的定植，并提出了基于生态系统韧性的早期预警和控制策略。 --- 第五部分：迈向韧性与可持续的未来城市：综合管理与规划实践 全书的最后一部分，将理论和发现转化为可操作的政策和设计原则，描绘了未来城市生态管理的蓝图。 生态学导向的城市规划（Eco-centric Planning）： 本书倡导从“以基础设施为中心”的规划模式转向“以生态功能为中心”的模式。详细介绍了“生态足迹管理”、“生态容量规划”等前沿方法论，强调规划过程中的多尺度、跨部门协作。 城市韧性（Urban Resilience）的生态基础： 韧性不仅仅是抵御冲击的能力，更是系统从干扰中恢复并适应新环境的能力。本章阐述了多样性（生物、结构、功能）如何是构建城市韧性的关键要素，并以近年来应对极端气候事件的城市为例，评估了其生态系统的表现。 公民科学与城市生态治理的创新： 强调了公众参与在监测和管理城市生态系统中的不可替代的作用。介绍了利用智能技术（如传感器网络、众包数据）来实时追踪城市生态变量，实现动态、反应式的环境管理。 总结 《城市生态学：探寻人与自然在都市中的共生之道》超越了对城市污染的简单批判，它提供了一个积极的、科学驱动的框架，使我们能够理解、量化并最终优化城市这一复杂的人地混合体。本书证明了，一个健康的城市，绝不是自然环境的牺牲品，而是自然与人类智慧共同编织出的、更具生命力的生态奇迹。它为全球城市的可持续发展提供了最坚实、最前沿的理论支撑。 适合读者： 城市规划与设计专业学生及从业者、环境科学与工程研究人员、市政管理者、景观建筑师、以及所有致力于构建宜居、健康和可持续城市的政策制定者与公众。
作者简介
目录信息
Preface vii
Acknowledgments xi
Participants xvii
Contributors xxv
1 Introduction: Ecosystem Understanding Is a Key to Understanding Cities 1
Charles H. Nilon, Alan R. Berkowitz, and Karen S. Hollweg
Section I The Importance of Understanding Urban Ecosystems: Themes 15
Alan R. Berkowitz, Charles H. Nilon, and Karen S. Hollweg
2 Why Is Understanding Urban Ecosystems an Important Frontier for Education and Educators? 19
Karen S. Hollweg, Celestine H. Pea, and Alan R. Berkowitz
3 The Role of Understanding Urban Ecosystems in Community Development 39
Jack K. Shu
4 Why Is Understanding Urban Ecosystems Important to People Concerned About Environmental Justice? 46
Bunyan Bryant and John Callewaert
5 Why Is Developing a Broad Understanding of Urban Ecosystems Important to Science and Scientists? 58
Steward T.A. Pickett
Section II Foundations and Frontiers from the
Natural and Social Sciences: Themes 73
Charles H. Nilon, Alan R. Berkowitz, and
Karen S. Hollweg
6 Natural Ecosystems in Cities: A Model for Cities as Ecosystems 77
Anthony D. Bradshaw
7 An Ecosystem Approach to Understanding Cities: Familiar Foundations and Uncharted Frontiers 95
Nancy B. Grimm, Lawrence J. Baker, and Diane Hope
8 Understanding Urban Ecosystems: An Ecological Economics Perspective 115
William E. Rees
9 Social Science Concepts and Frameworks for Understanding Urban Ecosystems 137
Carolyn Harrison and Jacquie Burgess
10 The Future of Urban Ecosystem Education from a Social Scientist’s Perspective: The Value of Involving the People You Are Studying in Your Work 150
John B.Wolford
11 A Social Ecology Approach to Understanding Urban Ecosystems and Landscapes 167
J. Morgan Grove, Karen E. Hinson, and Robert J. Northrop
12 The Historical Dimension of Urban Ecology: Frameworks and Concepts 187
Martin V. Melosi
13 Urban Ecosystems, City Planning, and Environmental Education: Literature, Precedents, Key Concepts, and Prospects 201
Anne Whiston Spirn
14 A Human Ecology Model for the Tianjin Urban Ecosystem: Integrating Human Ecology, Ecosystem Science, and Philosophical Views into Urban Eco-Complex Study 213
Rusong Wang and Zhiyun Ouyang
Section III Foundations and Frontiers from Education Theory and Practice: Themes 229
Karen S. Hollweg, Alan R. Berkowitz, and Charles H. Nilon
15 Psychological and Ecological Perspectives on the Development of Systems Thinking 233
Kathleen Hogan and Kathleen C.Weathers
16 Toward Ecology Literacy: Contributions from Project 2061 Science Literacy Reform Tools 261
Jo Ellen Roseman and Luli Stern
17 An Interdisciplinary Approach to Urban Ecosystems 282
Bora Simmons
18 Children for Cities and Cities for Children: Learning to Know and Care About Urban Ecosystems 294
Louise Chawla with Ilaria Salvadori
19 “Ecological Thinking” as a Tool for Understanding Urban Ecosystems: A Model from Israel 315
Shoshana Keiny, Moshe Shachak, and Noa Avriel-Avni
20 Systems Thinking and Urban Ecosystem Education 328
Gary C. Smith
21 Approaches to Urban Ecosystem Education in Chicago: Perspectives and Processes from an Environmental Educator 343
Carol Fialkowski
22 “Campus Ecology” Curriculum as a Means to Teach Urban Environmental Literacy 355
Bruce W. Grant
23 Ecosystem Management Education: Teaching and Learning Principles and Applications with Problem-Based Learning 370
Henry Campa III, Delia F. Raymer, and Christine Hanaburgh
24 Using the Development of an Environmental Management System to Develop and Promote a More Holistic Understanding of Urban Ecosystems in Durban, South Africa 384
Debra C. Roberts
Section IV Visions for the Future of Urban Ecosystem Education: Themes 399
Alan R. Berkowitz, Karen S. Hollweg, and Charles H. Nilon
25 Urban Ecosystems and the Twenty-First Century— A Global Imperative 401
Frank B. Golley
26 Out the Door and Down the Street—Enhancing Play, Community, and Work Environments as If Adulthood Mattered 417
William R. Burch, Jr., and Jacqueline M. Carrera
27 Integrating Urban Ecosystem Education into Educational Reform 430
Rodger W. Bybee
28 The Contribution of Urban Ecosystem Education to the Development of Sustainable Communities and Cities 450
Julian Agyeman
29 Perspectives on the Future of Urban Ecosystem Education: A Summary of Cary Conference VIII 465
Peter Cullen
30 Urban Ecosystem Education in the Coming Decade: What Is Possible and How Can We Get There? 476
Alan R. Berkowitz, Karen S. Hollweg, and Charles H. Nilon
Index 503
· · · · · · (收起)
Acknowledgments xi
Participants xvii
Contributors xxv
1 Introduction: Ecosystem Understanding Is a Key to Understanding Cities 1
Charles H. Nilon, Alan R. Berkowitz, and Karen S. Hollweg
Section I The Importance of Understanding Urban Ecosystems: Themes 15
Alan R. Berkowitz, Charles H. Nilon, and Karen S. Hollweg
2 Why Is Understanding Urban Ecosystems an Important Frontier for Education and Educators? 19
Karen S. Hollweg, Celestine H. Pea, and Alan R. Berkowitz
3 The Role of Understanding Urban Ecosystems in Community Development 39
Jack K. Shu
4 Why Is Understanding Urban Ecosystems Important to People Concerned About Environmental Justice? 46
Bunyan Bryant and John Callewaert
5 Why Is Developing a Broad Understanding of Urban Ecosystems Important to Science and Scientists? 58
Steward T.A. Pickett
Section II Foundations and Frontiers from the
Natural and Social Sciences: Themes 73
Charles H. Nilon, Alan R. Berkowitz, and
Karen S. Hollweg
6 Natural Ecosystems in Cities: A Model for Cities as Ecosystems 77
Anthony D. Bradshaw
7 An Ecosystem Approach to Understanding Cities: Familiar Foundations and Uncharted Frontiers 95
Nancy B. Grimm, Lawrence J. Baker, and Diane Hope
8 Understanding Urban Ecosystems: An Ecological Economics Perspective 115
William E. Rees
9 Social Science Concepts and Frameworks for Understanding Urban Ecosystems 137
Carolyn Harrison and Jacquie Burgess
10 The Future of Urban Ecosystem Education from a Social Scientist’s Perspective: The Value of Involving the People You Are Studying in Your Work 150
John B.Wolford
11 A Social Ecology Approach to Understanding Urban Ecosystems and Landscapes 167
J. Morgan Grove, Karen E. Hinson, and Robert J. Northrop
12 The Historical Dimension of Urban Ecology: Frameworks and Concepts 187
Martin V. Melosi
13 Urban Ecosystems, City Planning, and Environmental Education: Literature, Precedents, Key Concepts, and Prospects 201
Anne Whiston Spirn
14 A Human Ecology Model for the Tianjin Urban Ecosystem: Integrating Human Ecology, Ecosystem Science, and Philosophical Views into Urban Eco-Complex Study 213
Rusong Wang and Zhiyun Ouyang
Section III Foundations and Frontiers from Education Theory and Practice: Themes 229
Karen S. Hollweg, Alan R. Berkowitz, and Charles H. Nilon
15 Psychological and Ecological Perspectives on the Development of Systems Thinking 233
Kathleen Hogan and Kathleen C.Weathers
16 Toward Ecology Literacy: Contributions from Project 2061 Science Literacy Reform Tools 261
Jo Ellen Roseman and Luli Stern
17 An Interdisciplinary Approach to Urban Ecosystems 282
Bora Simmons
18 Children for Cities and Cities for Children: Learning to Know and Care About Urban Ecosystems 294
Louise Chawla with Ilaria Salvadori
19 “Ecological Thinking” as a Tool for Understanding Urban Ecosystems: A Model from Israel 315
Shoshana Keiny, Moshe Shachak, and Noa Avriel-Avni
20 Systems Thinking and Urban Ecosystem Education 328
Gary C. Smith
21 Approaches to Urban Ecosystem Education in Chicago: Perspectives and Processes from an Environmental Educator 343
Carol Fialkowski
22 “Campus Ecology” Curriculum as a Means to Teach Urban Environmental Literacy 355
Bruce W. Grant
23 Ecosystem Management Education: Teaching and Learning Principles and Applications with Problem-Based Learning 370
Henry Campa III, Delia F. Raymer, and Christine Hanaburgh
24 Using the Development of an Environmental Management System to Develop and Promote a More Holistic Understanding of Urban Ecosystems in Durban, South Africa 384
Debra C. Roberts
Section IV Visions for the Future of Urban Ecosystem Education: Themes 399
Alan R. Berkowitz, Karen S. Hollweg, and Charles H. Nilon
25 Urban Ecosystems and the Twenty-First Century— A Global Imperative 401
Frank B. Golley
26 Out the Door and Down the Street—Enhancing Play, Community, and Work Environments as If Adulthood Mattered 417
William R. Burch, Jr., and Jacqueline M. Carrera
27 Integrating Urban Ecosystem Education into Educational Reform 430
Rodger W. Bybee
28 The Contribution of Urban Ecosystem Education to the Development of Sustainable Communities and Cities 450
Julian Agyeman
29 Perspectives on the Future of Urban Ecosystem Education: A Summary of Cary Conference VIII 465
Peter Cullen
30 Urban Ecosystem Education in the Coming Decade: What Is Possible and How Can We Get There? 476
Alan R. Berkowitz, Karen S. Hollweg, and Charles H. Nilon
Index 503
· · · · · · (收起)
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