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Although the term 'ethnicity' is recent, the sense of kinship, group solidarity, and common culture to which it refers is as old as the historical record. Ethnic communities have been present in every period and continent, and have played an important role in all societies. The sense of a common ethnicity remains a major focus of identification by individuals. Ethnic community and identity are often associated with conflict, particularly with political struggles in various parts of the world. However, there is no essential connection between ethnicity and conflict, and relations may in fact be peaceful and cooperative. This Oxford Reader includes extracts by all the major contributors to debates on ethnicity, including Weber, Brass, Hechter, and Horowitz. The articles offer explanations for the contentious nature of ethnicity, its worldwide effects, and the possible means for overcoming conflicts.

•I. Concepts of ethnicity. Ethnicity and minority groups / Richard Schermerhorn
•History and ethnicity / Elisabeth Tonkin, Maryon McDonald and Malcolm Chapman
•The core elements of ethnicity / Manning Nash
•Ethnicity, race, class and nation / Thomas H. Eriksen
•II. Therories of ethnicity. The origins of ethnic groups / Max Weber
•Primordial ties / Clifford Geertz
•The poverty of primordialism / Jack Eller and Reed Coughlan
•The inexpungeable tie of primordiality / Steven Grosby
•Does race matter? / Pierre van den Berghe
•Ethnicity as being, doing and knowing / Joshua Fishman
•Beyond reason : the nature of the ethnonational bond / Walker Connor
•Ethnic groups and boundaries / Fredrik Barth
•Ethnicity and politics / Abner Cohen
•Ethnic groups and ethnic identity Formation / Paul R. Brass
•Ethnicity and rational choice theory / Michael Hechter
•The actor's model of ethnic relations / Michael Banton
•III. Ethnicity in history. Pre-modern polyethnicity and ethnic homogeneity / William H. McNeill
•The ancient Greeks and their nation / Moses Finley
•The cultural roots of modern Japan / Jean-Pierre Lehmann
•Archetypal diasporas / John Armstrong
•Language and ethnicity in medieval Europe / Robert Bartlett
•IV. Ethnicity in the modern world. Beyond the melting pot / Nathan Glazer and Daniel P. Moynihan
•Ethnicity and social change / Daniel Bell
•Symbolic ethnicity / Herbert J. Gans
•The making of Black identities / Winston James
•The new ethnicities / Stuart Hall
•Fictive ethnicity and ideal nation / Étienne Balibar
•Civic and ethnic nations in France and Germany / Rogers Brubaker
•Old tribes and imposed nation-states in the Middle East / Bassam Tibi
•Middlemen minorities / Walter Zenner
•V. Ethnicity, religion, and language. Chosen peoples / Anthony D. Smith
•Religion and ethnicity / Cynthia Enloe
•Orthodoxy and nationalism / Paschalis Kitromilides
•Ethnic and political nations in Europe / Jaroslav Krejči and Vitězslav Velímský
•Diaspora and language / Jacob Landau
•Symbolic ethnicity and language / John Edwards
•The creation of ethnicity in South Africa / LeRoy Vail
•VI. Race and ethnicity. The plural society / M. G. Smith
•Multiculturalism in Europe / John Rex
•The idea of 'race' in modern China / Frank Dikötter
•Pan-Africanism and European imperialism / Immanuel Geiss
•The Aryan myth and biblical universalism / Leon Poliakov
•Genocide and the plural society / Leo Kuper
•The Armenian genocide and the Holocaust / Helen Fein
•VII. Ethnic conflict and nationalism. Internal colonialism / John Stone
•Ethnic soldiers / Cynthia Enloe
•Symbolic politics and ethnic status / Donald Horowitz
•Indigenous peoples and the state in Latin America / Florencia E. Mallon
•Ethnicity and politics in Pakistan : the Baluch case / Selig S. Harrison
•The politics of ethnicity in India / Paul Brass
•Ethnicity, nationalism and democracy in South-East Asia / David Brown
•Women, ethnicity, and nationalism / Deniz Kandiyoti
•Diasporas and international relations / Milton J. Esman
•Self-determination as an international issue / Hakan Wiberg
•Conflict-regulation in deeply divided societies / Sammy Smooha and Theodor Hanf
•Eliminating and managing ethnic differences / John McGarry and Brendan O'Leary
•Post-Soviet ethnic conflict and international politics / Ray Taras
•VIII. Transcending ethnicity? From ethnic to civic nationalism : English Canada and Quebec / Raymond Breton
•Ethnic nationalism in the late twentieth century / Eric Hobsbawm
•Australia : multi-ethnic community without nationalism? / Steven Castles, Bill Cope, Mary Kalantzis and Michael Morrissey
•The post-modern revival of ethnicity / Alberto Melucci
•Globalization and ethno-cultural differences / Kosaku Yoshino
•Ethnicity and multiculturalism in immigrant societies / John Hutchinson.
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