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This volume introduces the most important ideas in animal ethics and builds on a critical dialogue emerging at the intersection of animal rights, environmental ethics, and religious studies. "In Search of Consistency" examines the work of influential scholars Tom Regan (animal rights), Peter Singer (utilitarian ethics), Andrew Linzey (theologian), and Paul Taylor (environmental ethics), and explores ethics and animals across six world religions (Indigenous faiths, Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Judaism, and Islam). "In Search of Consistency" sheds light on 'the sanctity of life' by means of an intriguing moral theory, 'The Minimize Harm Maxim', rooted in the time-honoured moral ideals of impartiality and consistency. This volume questions what it means to be human and challenges our assumed place in the universe.

Lisa Kemmerer is a philosopher-activist dedicated to working against oppression, whether on behalf of the environment, nonhuman animals, or disempowered human beings. Her books include In Search of Consistency: Ethics and Animals; Animals and World Religions; Sister Species: Women, Animals, and Social Justice; Call to Compassion: Reflections on Animal Advocacy; Speaking Up for Animals: An Anthology of Women's Voices; and Primate People: Saving Nonhuman Primates through Education, Advocacy, and Sanctuary. Kemmerer has hiked, biked, kayaked, backpacked, and traveled widely, and is currently associate professor of philosophy and religions at Montana State University Billings.

PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
PART ONE METHODS AND TERMS
Term 1. Protectionism
Method 1. Selection of Scholars
Term 2. Anymals, Nonhuman Animals, Other-Than-Human Animals
Method 2. Applied Philosophy
Term 3. Moral Standing
Term 4. Morally Relevant Distinctions
Term 5. Inherent Value/Intrinsic Worth
Method 3. Lifeboat Scenarios
Method 4. Idealism
Method 5. Consistency and Logical Extremes
Term 6. Intuition
Term 7. Speciesism
Method 6. Impartiality
Method 7. Casuistry
Term 8. Living Entity
Term 9. Western Morality/Ethics
Method 8. Interdisciplinary
Final Note
PART TWO PHILOSOPHICAL PROTECTIONIST THEORIES
CHAPTER TWO TOM REGAN: THE RIGHTS VIEW
A. Regan’s Rights View
B. Discussion
This section is collapse CHAPTER THREE PETER SINGER: UTILITARIAN PROTECTIONISM
A. Singer’s Utilitarian Theory
B. Discussion
CHAPTER FOUR PAUL TAYLOR: BIO-PROTECTIONISM
A. Protectionism and Environmental Ethics: An Uneasy Alliance
B. Taylor’s Foundation
C. Taylor’s Respect for Nature
D. Discussion
PART THREE PROTECTIONIST THEOLOGY
CHAPTER FIVE ANDREW LINZEY: CHRISTIAN PROTECTIONISM
A. Theology
B. Christianity and Protectionism across Time
C. Linzey’s Protectionist Theology
D. Discussion
CHAPTER SIX CONSISTENCY ACROSS RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS
1. Indigenous Traditions
2. Vedic/Hindu Tradition
3. Buddhism
4. Daoism and Other Chinese Religions
5. Islam
Conclusion
PART FOUR CONSISTENCY AND IMPARTIALITY IN APPLIED PROTECTIONIST PHILOSOPHY
CHAPTER SEVEN SIX MEDICAL CASES: THE VALUE OF INNOCENT HUMAN LIFE
1. Six Medical Cases
2. Comparative Value of Human Life
3. Western Ethics and the Value of Human Life in Practice
CHAPTER EIGHT
MINIMIZE HARM MAXIM
Maxim: Minimize Harm
CHAPTER NINE APPLICATION: CONTEMPORARY MORAL DILEMMAS
A. Ongoing Protectionist Issues
B. Hypothetical Scenarios
CHAPTER TEN REVIEW AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
A. Overview
B. Philosophical Standards and the Minimize Harm Maxim
C. Reexamining Predominant Western Ethics
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
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