"The Encyclopedia of Social Measurement" captures the data, techniques, theories, designs, applications, histories, and implications of assigning numerical values to social phenomena. Responding to growing demands for transdisciplinary descriptions of quantitative and qualitative techniques, measurement, sampling, and statistical methods, it will increase the proficiency of everyone who gathers and analyzes data. Covering all core social science disciplines, the 300 plus articles of the "Encyclopedia of Social Measurement" not only present a comprehensive summary of observational frameworks and mathematical models, but also offer tools, background information, qualitative methods, and guidelines for structuring the research process. Articles include examples and applications of research strategies and techniques, highlighting multidisciplinary options for observing social phenomena. The alphabetical arrangement of the articles, their glossaries and cross-references, and the volumes' detailed index will encourage exploration across the social sciences. Descriptions of important data sets and case studies will help readers understand resources they can often instantly access. It is also available online via ScienceDirect featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. It introduces readers to the advantages and potential of specific techniques and suggests additional sources that readers can then consult to learn more. It conveys a range of basic to complex research issues in sufficient detail to explain even the most complicated statistical technique. The readers are provided with references for further information. Eleven substantive sections delineate social sciences and the research processes they follow to measure and provide new knowledge on a wide range of topics. The authors are prominent scholars and methodologists from all social science fields. Within each of the sections important components of quantitative and qualitative research methods are dissected and illustrated with examples from diverse fields of study. It contains actual research experiences which provide useful examples.