Empowerment pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2026
- social_sciences
- poverty
- alternative_development
- 个人成长
- 自我提升
- 心理学
- 励志
- 成功学
- 女性力量
- 自信
- 目标设定
- 积极心态
- 影响力
具体描述
Two--thirds of the population of the world are poor, and their number is growing in the first as well as in the third world, despite billions of dollars of aid. The economic development policies of the last two decades, and the theory which gave rise to them, have been discredited. The rich are disillusioned, apprehensive or uninterested, while the poor are embittered and without hope, the victims and agents of ignorance, instability and environmental degradation. The need for radical rethinking is urgent: this book makes an important contribution towards that end. John Friedmann argues that poverty should be seen not merely in material terms, but as social, political and psychological powerlessness. He presents the case for an alternative development committed to empowering the poor in their own communities, and to mobilizing them for political participation on a wider scale. In contrast to centralized development policies devised and implemented at the national and international level, alternative development restores the initiative to those in need, on the grounds that unless people have an active role in directing their own destinies long--term progress will not be achieved. The author takes the household as the strategic starting--point -- stressing its moral, political and economic potential -- as a source of continuity and as a location for production. From this basis he propounds a politics of emancipation that would enable the disempowered poor to assert their rights. Empowerment provides a morally--informed theoretical framework for a development policy that meets the needs of its recipients rather than of its makers.
作者简介
目录信息
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我买这本书纯粹是冲着封面设计去的，结果却意外地发现了一个被低估的惊悚大师。它的恐怖并非建立在血腥或突然的惊吓上，而是渗透在一种令人毛骨悚然的“日常性”之中。作者高超之处在于，他能将最普通不过的家庭场景，比如清晨的早餐桌或者深夜的走廊，通过细微的语调和观察角度的转换，瞬间染上不祥的色彩。故事的张力是逐步累积的，就像一个慢慢收紧的绞索，让人在阅读过程中心跳加速，却又忍不住想知道“接下来会发生什么更糟的事情”。结局的处理更是神来之笔，它没有给出明确的解释，而是将所有的恐惧和不安推回给了读者自己，留下了无尽的心理阴影。这本书绝对适合那些追求高智商心理惊悚体验的读者。
评分坦率地说，初读这本书时，我曾被其晦涩的哲学思辨弄得有些摸不着头脑，感觉就像是误闯进了一个充满抽象符号的迷宫。它的结构极其大胆，大量使用了意识流的写法和非传统的叙事视角，这对于习惯了清晰情节线的读者来说，无疑是一个挑战。然而，一旦你适应了作者构建的这种独特“逻辑”，就会发现其内在的精妙。它探讨的主题，如存在的荒谬性、自由意志的边界，都以一种极具穿透力的方式被呈现。书中的每一个人物似乎都是某种哲学观点的载体，他们的对话与其说是交流，不如说是思想的激烈碰撞。我敢说，这本书更像是一份邀请函，邀请读者一同参与到这场关于“何为人”的永恒辩论中去，而不是提供一个标准答案。
评分这本书的叙事节奏像极了夏日午后一场突如其来的暴雨，酣畅淋漓却又蕴含着难以言喻的细腻。作者似乎总能精准地捕捉到人物内心深处那些最隐秘的挣扎与渴望，然后用一种近乎残酷的坦诚将其剖开。我特别喜欢它对社会边缘人物群像的刻画，那些在主流叙事中常常被忽略的声音，在这里被赋予了清晰的轮廓和复杂的层次感。情节的推进并非线性直白，而是像一张精心编织的网，将看似不相干的事件巧妙地串联起来，直到最后一刻才揭示出全貌，让人读完后久久无法释怀，甚至开始审视自己周遭的世界是否也隐藏着类似的暗流涌动。它不是那种读完后只会留下浮光掠影的爽文，而是那种需要你停下来，点燃一支烟，对着窗外沉思许久的“重型”文学作品。
评分这本小说的语言风格简直是一场视觉盛宴，充满了浓郁的地域色彩和古老而神秘的意象。作者的遣词造句带着一种独特的韵律感，读起来像是吟诵着一首失传已久的史诗。故事的主线看似平淡无奇，无非是关于一场世代相传的家族宿命，但作者却将焦点放在了那些细微的情感波动和环境描写上——风吹过荒原的声音，阳光穿过老旧木窗棂投下的斑驳光影，都仿佛被赋予了生命和寓意。我尤其欣赏它对“时间”这一主题的处理，它不是线性的流逝，而是循环往复、层层叠叠的堆积，让读者在阅读过程中，不自觉地产生了“我是否也曾经历过类似时刻”的错觉。对于那些偏爱慢节奏、重氛围营造的读者来说，这绝对是一次精神上的深度洗礼。
评分这本书无疑是近几年来文学界一股清新的泥石流。它极其专注于描绘一个特定时代背景下，小人物为了生存而展现出的顽强生命力。作者的文笔朴实无华，如同北方广袤土地上的泥土，带着一种坚韧而温暖的气息。情节虽然起伏不大，但角色间的互动极其真实可信，充满了生活的气息和人情味。没有宏大的史诗叙事，只有柴米油盐中的爱恨纠葛和互助支撑。我特别感动于其中对于友情和邻里之情的描绘，那些在困境中伸出的援手，比任何华丽的辞藻都更能打动人心。它让我仿佛置身于那个久远的场景中，闻到了饭菜的香气，感受到了生活的重量，是一本读完后能让人心头一暖，重拾对生活希望的佳作。
评分only read preface and epilogue. thinking on the poor country and people. political empowerment. should be identical with Freedom as Development
评分only read preface and epilogue. thinking on the poor country and people. political empowerment. should be identical with Freedom as Development
评分only read preface and epilogue. thinking on the poor country and people. political empowerment. should be identical with Freedom as Development
评分only read preface and epilogue. thinking on the poor country and people. political empowerment. should be identical with Freedom as Development
评分only read preface and epilogue. thinking on the poor country and people. political empowerment. should be identical with Freedom as Development
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