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first wrot~these four essays on the New Deal in the summer of<br > 1965， or a ft~ decade ago. It is hard for me to grasp the changes<br > that have occm red in America in that one decade， impossible to<br > gauge the exact changes that have occurred in my own beliefs<br > and preferences. Memory is very deceptive. I cannot， with any<br > confidence， describe my exact state of mind in that distant and<br > hot Maryland summer. When I try， I find too many later<br > intrusions subtly shaping and coloring and often dignifying the<br > self-portrait. I can only cite the external context with assurance，<br > and I doubt that it had much to do with the content of the book.<br > In 1965 the Johnson administration seemed to pass the point of<br > no return in Vietnam. Escalation had led to full-scale war. I<br > attended the first national teach-in in May of 1965， and there<br >heard a historian closely identified with the New Deal defend<br >Kennedy s and Johnson s Vietnam policies. By then a student<br >and faculty antiwar movement functioned on most campuses.<br >But， unless my memory deceives， I was not yet aware of the<br >breadth and diversity of the developing discontent.<br > Despite my use of several evaluative perspectives， and my<br >inclusion of some predominantly analytical sections， my first<br >goal in writing the book was very traditional: to provide<br >students with a succinct account of the major domestic policies<br >adopted during the Roosevelt administration. Ironically， these<br >largely descriptive sections did not weather as well as the<br >analysis. Almost every new monograph on the New Deal<br >revealed some inaccuracy or distortion.