From a very general point of view, statistical methods are methods for treating
numerical data. Thus, methods for collecting and analyzing the data of any
business or government enterprise may be considered as belonging to the field
of statistics. Such a definition, however, is much too broad in scope to be useful.
It is necessary to restrict both the nature of the data and the reasons for studying
them before such methods can rightfully be called statistical.
Statistical methods are concerned with data that have been obtained from
taking observations, in the form of measurements or counts, from a source of
such observations. For example, in studying the cost of medical services in a city,
a small percentage of the inhabitants of the city would be selected and asked
about their medical costs. Or, in studying public opinion on a controversial issue
being debated in congress, a set of voters would be selected from across the
country and asked their views concerning the issue.
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