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From contraception to cloning and pregnancy to populations, reproduction presents urgent challenges today. This field-defining history synthesizes a vast amount of scholarship to take the long view. Spanning from antiquity to the present day, the book focuses on the Mediterranean, western Europe, North America and their empires. It combines history of science, technology and medicine with social, cultural and demographic accounts. Ranging from the most intimate experiences to planetary policy, it tells new stories and revises received ideas. An international team of scholars asks how modern 'reproduction' - an abstract process of perpetuating living organisms - replaced the old 'generation' - the active making of humans and beasts, plants and even minerals. Striking illustrations invite readers to explore artefacts, from an ancient Egyptian fertility figurine to the announcement of the first test-tube baby. Authoritative and accessible, Reproduction offers students and non-specialists an essential starting point and sets fresh agendas for research.

Nick Hopwood is Professor of History of Science and Medicine at the University of Cambridge. He is author of Haeckel's Embryos: Images, Evolution, and Fraud (2015), which won the 2016 Suzanne J. Levinson Prize of the History of Science Society.

Rebecca Flemming is Senior Lecturer in Ancient History at the University of Cambridge. She has published widely on medicine and gender in antiquity, including Medicine and the Making of Roman Women: Gender, Nature, and Authority from Celsus to Galen (2000).

Lauren Kassell is Reader in History of Science and Medicine at the University of Cambridge and directs the Casebooks Project. Her publications include Medicine and Magic in Elizabethan London: Simon Forman, Astrologer, Alchemist, and Physician (2005).

List of colour exhibits
List of illustrations
List of contributors
Acknowledgements
Notes on the frontispieces
Introduction
1. Reproduction in history Nick Hopwood, Rebecca Flemming and Lauren Kassell
Part I. Inventing Generation: Introduction to Part I Rebecca Flemming
2. Phallic fertility in the Ancient Near East and Egypt Stephanie Lynn Budin
3. Women and doctors in ancient Greece Helen King
4. Animal and plant generation in classical antiquity Laurence M. V. Totelin
5. States and populations in the classical world Rebecca Flemming
6. The ancient family and the law Tim Parkin
7. Galen's generations of seeds Rebecca Flemming
8. Debating the soul in late antiquity Marie-Hélène Congourdeau
Part II. Generation Reborn and Reformed: Introduction to Part II Lauren Kassell
9. Generation in medieval Islamic medicine Nahyan Fancy
10. The multitude in later medieval thought Peter Biller
11. Managing childbirth and fertility in medieval Europe Katharine Park
12. Formed fetuses and healthy children in scholastic theology, medicine and law Maaike van der Lugt
13. Generation between script and print Peter Murray Jones
14. Innate heat, radical moisture and generation Gianna Pomata
15. Pictures and analogies in the anatomy of generation Karin Ekholm
16. Fruitful bodies and astrological medicine Lauren Kassell
17. Family resemblance in the old regime Silvia De Renzi
18. The emergence of population Philip Kreager
19. Generation in the Ottoman world Miri Shefer-Mossensohn and Rebecca Flemming
Part III. Inventing Reproduction: Introduction to Part III Nick Hopwood
20. The keywords 'generation' and 'reproduction' Nick Hopwood
21. Linnaeus and the love lives of plants Staffan Müller-Wille
22. Man-midwifery revisited Mary E. Fissell
23. Biopolitics and the invention of population Andrea Rusnock
24. Marriage and fertility in different household systems Richard M. Smith
25. Colonialism and the emergence of racial theories Renato G. Mazzolini
26. Talking origins James A. Secord
Part IV. Modern Reproduction: Introduction to Part IV Nick Hopwood
27. Breeding farm animals and humans Sarah Wilmot
28. Eggs and sperm as germ cells Florence Vienne
29. Movements to separate sex and reproduction Lesley A. Hall
30. Fertility transitions and sexually transmitted infections Simon Szreter
31. Modern infertility Christina Benninghaus
32. Modern ignorance Kate Fisher
33. Imperial encounters Philippa Levine
Part V. Reproduction Centre Stage: Introduction to Part V Nick Hopwood
34. World population from eugenics to climate change Alison Bashford
35. Sex hormones, pharmacy and the reproductive sciences Jean-Paul Gaudillière:
36. Technologies of contraception and abortion Jesse Olszynko-Gryn
37. Hospital birth Salim Al-Gailani
38. Prenatal diagnosis, surveillance and risk Ilana Löwy
39. Artificial fertilization Nick Hopwood
40. Modern law and regulation Martin H. Johnson and Nick Hopwood
41. Sex, gender and babies John Forrester
42. Feminism and reproduction Sarah Franklin
43. Globalization Nick Hopwood
Epilogue
44. Concluding reflections Nick Hopwood, Rebecca Flemming and Lauren Kassell
Select bibliography
Index
Colour exhibits Rune Nyord, Annetta Alexandridis, Eleanor Robson, Fay Glinister, Jessica Hughes, Ralph Jackson, Véronique Dasen, Margot E. Fassler, Gabriella Zuccolin, Lauren Kassell, Lea T. Olsan, Patricia Simons, Jennifer Spinks, Karin Ekholm, Sandra Cavallo, Rina Knoeff, Lianne McTavish, Lisa Forman Cody, Mary Terrall, Lucia Dacome, Ludmilla Jordanova, Nick Hopwood, Rebecca Flemming, Mary E. Fissell, James A. Secord, Siân Pooley, James M. Edmonson, Paul Weindling, Jenny Bangham, Martina Schlünder, Jesse Olszynko-Gryn, Ellen Herman, Solveig Jülich, Wendy Kline, Patrick Ellis, Christina Brandt, Nick Hopwood, Tatjana Buklijas, Jessica Hughes and Rebecca Flemming.
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