As December 1943 approached, a suffocating pall of gloom
and discouragement hovered over those in the Allied camp
knowledgeable of the military situation in bleak, mountainous
Italy. Only 11 weeks before. Anglo-American forces had
stormed ashore along 30 miles of the beautiful Gulf of Salerno.
about one-quarter of the way up the boot of Italy, and after a
bloody two-week struggle, drove north to capture thc major
port of Naples.
The main strategic objectives of the Anglo-American cam-
paign in Italy were to bleed the German army and to lure
enemy divisions away from the Russian front and from France
where the Allies planned to launch a massive cross-Channel
attack from England in the Spring. That invasion would be
cede-named Overlord. an all-out effort to knife into the heart of
the Third Reich and destroy the German Wehrmacht fanned
forces).
Meanwhile. Adolf Hitler. warlord of the Third Reich. was
conferring with his two top commanders in Italy, Field
Marshals Albrecht Kesselring and Erwin Rommel. the latter
having gained world fame as the Desert Fox. A dispute erupted
over the best strategy to be followed in Italy Kesselring held
it advisable to keep the A lies as far from Germany as possible
to contest the invaders every yard of the way south of Rome.
Rommel disagreed. He saw no strategic importance in
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