The March 2006 issue of American Behavioral Scientist, entitled Institutions in the Making: Identity, Power and the Emergence of New Organizational Forms features new insights on institutional change and theory, exploring, collectively and individually, how new institutions first emerge within and among organizations. Based on a workshop entitled "New Public and Private Models of Management: Sensemaking and Institutions" in Skagen, Denmark in Summer 2005, the 11 articles look at key organizational trends in institutional change, including corporate governance, social responsibility, and new work roles. The first two articles deal with mediating the micro-macro divide in institutional theory. Pedersen and Dobbin offer insights into the four types of processes through which practices and ideas from the wider organizational field become distinct organizational cultures. Hallett and Ventresca reexamine Gouldner's Patterns of Industrial Bureaucracy and the "coupling" processes that were considered key mechanisms in the emergence of new institutional forms. Campbell and Boxenbaum focus on the rise of corporate social responsibility. Campbell explores the political and economic motives that underlie the current definition of corporate social responsibility, and raises the question of why corporations ever act in socially responsible ways. Boxenbaum shows how a practice from one place can be adapted into a different environment by going through the processes of individual preferences, strategic reframing, and local grounding. The next three articles target corporate governance in diverse arenas such as the European defense industry and the American thrift industry. Fligstein andEnrione, Mazza, and Zerboni review how decision-makers negotiate new institutional models with interested groups, and how decision-makers may end up creating institutions that are not anything like what they originally envisioned. Haveman and Rao investigate how change in the form of governance occurred over time and circumstance. Patriotta and Lanzara, Meyer and Hammerschmid, and Westenholz each consider how work roles and identities become institutionalized and how they affect organizations. Drawing on wide-ranging examples from an automotive factory, public administrators in Austria, and IT workers, the last three articles attempt to account for the global and local dynamics that shape worker identities and roles. Together these articles suggest a number of promising research avenues for those interested in how new organizational elements, ideas, and practices come about and evolve. This issue should be in the library of every forward-thinking manager, organizational behaviorist, industrial and organizational sociologist, and business school professors and students.
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从方法论的角度来看,本书展现出一种令人振奋的跨学科整合能力。它显然根植于社会学和政治学的土壤,但其分析工具却广泛借鉴了经济史学、认知心理学乃至符号学的理论框架。这种多维度的透视,使得对“制度”这一概念的解析达到了一个新的深度。它不再仅仅被视为一套外在于个体的约束,而被视为一种嵌入于集体心智和日常实践之中的认知模式和行为脚本。例如,书中论及“契约精神”如何在不同法律体系中被内化,所引用的案例横跨了大陆法系与英美法系,分析其背后符号意义的差异。这种融合并非简单的理论堆砌,而是实现了理论之间的有效对话与张力生成。每一种理论工具的引入,都像是为我们观察制度的显微镜增加了一个新的波段滤镜,让我们能看到以往被遮蔽的结构层次。对于希望在复杂社会科学领域寻求突破的研究者而言,这本书提供了一个极佳的范例,展示了如何跳出学科壁垒,进行真正富有创造性的综合分析。
评分此书的文字功底,在我近期的阅读经验中是极为出挑的。它以一种罕见的、近乎文学性的精准度,描绘了抽象概念的实体化过程。与其说它在论述制度,不如说它在塑造制度的“形象”。你几乎能嗅到那些古老档案室里的尘土味,感受到那些制定规则的官员们在羊皮纸上沙沙作响的笔尖摩擦声。叙事节奏的把握也相当到位,时而缓慢铺陈,如同冰川移动般沉重而不可逆转,时而又加快步伐,模拟信息爆炸或社会动荡时期的决策焦虑。尤其值得称道的是,作者似乎拥有一种旁观者的超然,但其笔触之下却蕴含着对制度参与者的人文关怀。他并不对那些“旧制度”的维护者进行道德审判,而是试图理解他们所处的框架,理解制度如何反过来塑造了他们自身的认知与行为模式。这种既抽离又沉浸的叙事姿态,使得阅读过程充满了智力上的愉悦和情感上的共鸣,它让宏大的历史叙事变得可亲、可感、可触摸。
评分读罢此书,我深感其对“偶然性”与“必然性”之间微妙平衡的深刻洞察。很多关于制度变迁的论述,往往倾向于将结果视为历史的必然归宿,从而削弱了早期决策者在面对不确定性时的真实困境。然而,本书却巧妙地通过对关键历史节点——那些充满岔路口的选择——的聚焦,生动地展现了“本可以完全不同”的可能性。它没有给我们一个整洁的、线性发展的图景,反而呈现出一种充满碎片化、甚至是非理性驱动的演化路径。例如,书中对于特定行业标准如何在一场突发的危机中被意外采纳,并最终固化为行业规范的案例分析,就极具启发性。这种对“路径依赖”形成瞬间的捕捉,让我们意识到,我们今天所依赖的稳固结构,可能仅仅是某个特定历史下午,某几个人在特定压力下做出的权宜之计的长期延伸。这种对历史“脆弱性”的揭示,极大地挑战了我们对现有秩序的天然认同感,迫使我们反思,支撑我们日常生活的那些“坚实基础”究竟有多么坚实。
评分这部作品的问世,无疑是为我们理解现代社会结构演进的复杂性提供了一把精妙的钥匙。作者以一种近乎人类学家的细致入微,剖开了那些我们习以为常却又鲜少深究的制度性框架是如何从无序走向有序,又如何在历史的洪流中不断自我重塑的。我尤其欣赏它在叙事上所展现出的那种跨越时空的广度与深度。它并非仅仅罗列枯燥的规则手册或官方文件,而是将制度的诞生置于具体的社会、经济乃至文化语境之中进行考察。例如,书中对早期金融契约如何从地方性的信任网络演变为具有普遍约束力的法律体系的描绘,简直令人拍案叫绝。那种从微观的人际互动中提炼出宏观制度逻辑的叙事手法,使得即便是对制度史不甚熟悉的读者,也能清晰地感受到“建构”过程中的张力与智慧。它揭示了制度并非是高高在上的抽象概念,而是无数次妥协、试验与失败的累积结果,充满了人性的挣扎与局限。这种对制度“活历史”的捕捉,使得阅读体验远超一般学术论著的枯燥感,更像是在观看一场由时间精心编排的、关于人类如何组织自身命运的宏大戏剧。
评分这本书的真正价值,或许在于它促使我们对“常态”进行持续的、近乎苛刻的审视。当我们习惯于现代机构的高效运转时,我们很容易忘记它们是如何耗费了数百年才达到当前的形态,以及这种形态的代价。作者通过对制度“未完成性”的强调,成功地将读者的目光从既成的结果拉回到永恒的“形成之中”(in the making)的状态。这对于理解当前世界所面临的诸多治理危机,具有极强的现实意义。如果今天的制度是历史的产物,那么它也必然会是未来变革的起点。书中对那些未能成功定型的制度尝试的追溯,虽然带有历史的悲凉色彩,却也为我们提供了宝贵的负面教材。它提醒我们,制度的稳固性并非永恒的保证,任何看似坚不可摧的结构,其核心都潜藏着被颠覆或被遗忘的风险。这种警醒感,使得阅读体验不仅仅是知识的获取,更是一种对当前社会秩序的深层参与和批判性反思。
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