具体描述
《汉英翻译与跨语认知》的前九章主要集中在对汉英翻译过程中语义和句法两个层面的认知转化特征的研究和探讨上。《汉英翻译与跨语认知》第十章也是最后一章将兼顾语义、句法和语用三个层面，通过考察包括形容词和副词这些修饰语的语义指向（semantic orientation）和句法位置（syntactic position）的跨语认知调整，透视修饰语因这些调整所连带的语用功能（pragmatic function）的变化。在汉英翻译过程中，汉语原文为了表达细腻的语义内容和语用目的，往往会将修饰语与被修饰的成分进行句法错置，即将其放置在并非它所语义指向的被修饰语附近，从而造成了语义指向和句法位置的错位。而经过汉英翻译的认知转换之后常常会出现修饰语归位的现象，即将修饰语回归到它所语义指向的被修饰成分的位置。这种归位的后果即是句法的跨语转换现象，同时也会影响语义内容表达的细腻性以及原文语用目的在译文中的实现。
《汉英翻译与跨语认知》是一部旨在深入探讨汉英两种语言之间翻译的复杂性，并揭示语言使用者在跨语过程中的认知机制的学术专著。本书并非简单罗列翻译技巧或词汇对照，而是力求从更宏观、更具理论深度的视角，勾勒出汉英翻译实践背后的认知图景。 本书的核心论点在于，有效的汉英翻译不仅仅是两种语言符号系统的机械转换，更是一个涉及认知过程、文化理解、语用推理以及心智模型的动态建构过程。译者在处理汉英文本时，并非孤立地解读词语，而是调动其丰富的语言知识、社会文化背景、情境信息乃至个人经验，在大脑中构建起与原文意义相符的跨语心智模型。这个过程充满了认知的参与，包括但不限于： 一、 语料库驱动的认知模型构建： 本书在论述中，会引用大量的实际汉英翻译案例，这些案例并非随机选取，而是基于大规模的汉英平行语料库分析。通过对这些语料库中的翻译现象进行归纳和提炼，本书旨在构建一个“语料库驱动的汉英翻译认知模型”。这个模型强调，译者的翻译决策很大程度上受到他们在语料库中观察到的、经过长期实践检验的翻译模式的影响。例如，某些汉语句式在英译时，倾向于采用特定的句型结构，而另一些则会发生语序的调整，这些模式的形成和内化，正是译者认知能力在语料库训练下不断优化的体现。本书将详细解析这些模式是如何在译者的长期接触和实践中被识别、记忆和应用，进而影响其翻译策略的。 二、 意象图式（Image Schemas）在跨语认知中的作用： 语言并非抽象的符号，而是与我们身体经验和感知紧密相连的。本书将引入“意象图式”这一认知语言学概念，探讨意象图式如何在汉英两种语言的理解和表达中发挥作用。例如，“上-下”、“内-外”、“开始-结束”等基本意象图式，在两种语言中可能以不同的方式体现在词汇、短语乃至句法结构中。本书将分析译者如何在跨语过程中，识别和转换这些意象图式，以确保译文能够有效传达原文的具身化意义。具体而言，会探讨中文的一些动词或形容词中蕴含的隐性意象图式，如何在英文中通过特定的介词、构词法或句法来实现更具象化的表达。 三、 语用推理与情境化认知： 翻译从来都不是真空中的活动，而是发生在具体的语境中。本书将重点关注语用推理在汉英翻译中的关键作用。译者需要根据原文的语用目标、读者期望以及特定的交际情境，进行深度的语用推理，以选择最恰当的翻译策略。这包括对隐含意义（implicature）、言外之意（presupposition）以及语力（illocutionary force）的准确把握。例如，中文中的一些委婉语或省略句，在英译时可能需要通过更明确的表达或添加语境线索才能被理解，反之亦然。本书将剖析译者如何在跨语过程中，通过情境化认知，对这些微妙的语用信息进行推断和重构，从而实现忠实而得体的翻译。 四、 文化心理与翻译的文化适应性： 语言与文化密不可分。本书认为，汉英翻译的挑战，很大程度上源于两种语言背后所承载的不同文化心理和社会规范。译者需要具备高度的文化敏感度，能够理解原文作者的文化视角，并将其有效地转化为目标语言读者的文化语境下所能接受和理解的形式。这涉及到对文化特有概念、习语、典故以及价值观的深入理解。本书将深入探讨文化心理的差异如何在翻译中引发“文化冲突”，以及译者如何通过“文化适应性”的策略，例如解释、替换、省略或增补，来弥合这种文化鸿沟。具体的案例分析将涵盖文学翻译、商务翻译和技术翻译等不同领域，展示文化差异对翻译选择的具体影响。 五、 概念隐喻（Conceptual Metaphor）与跨语思维转换： 隐喻不仅仅是修辞手法，更是我们理解世界的基本思维方式。本书将引入概念隐喻理论，探讨汉英两种语言中存在的概念隐喻的差异，以及这些差异如何在翻译中影响译者的思维和决策。例如，“时间是空间”、“爱是战争”等基本概念隐喻，在汉英两种文化中可能存在不同的具体体现。本书将分析译者如何识别和转换这些概念隐喻，以确保译文不仅在语言形式上准确，在概念意义和思维模式上也能与原文保持一致，或在必要时进行恰当的文化迁移。 六、 译者的认知负荷与翻译效率： 本书还会探讨影响汉英翻译效率的认知因素。在跨语认知过程中，译者需要处理大量的语言信息、文化信息和情境信息，这会产生认知负荷。本书将分析哪些翻译任务更容易导致高认知负荷，以及译者可以通过哪些策略来优化认知过程，提高翻译效率。这可能包括自动化流程的应用、对高频词汇和句型的熟练掌握、以及有效的错误检测和纠正机制。译者在长期实践中形成的“直觉”或“预判”，也正是其认知系统对复杂翻译任务进行高效处理的结果。 七、 跨语认知中的“翻译眼”与“翻译脑”： 本书将模拟“翻译眼”与“翻译脑”的概念，来阐释译者在阅读原文时，其“翻译眼”是如何被训练来捕捉那些对翻译至关重要的信息，包括词汇的意义、句法的结构、语体的风格、语用的意图等。而“翻译脑”则是一个复杂的认知加工中心，它整合了语言知识、文化知识、推理能力以及创造性思维，最终产出高质量的译文。本书的分析将试图描绘出这个“翻译脑”的工作流程，即信息如何被输入、被加工、被评估、被转换，最终输出。 八、 汉英翻译中的语料库语言学与实验认知语言学的结合： 本书的理论基础将广泛借鉴语料库语言学和实验认知语言学的前沿研究成果。通过对大规模汉英语料库的定量分析，本书可以揭示翻译中客观存在的语言现象和模式；而通过设计和实施认知实验，本书则可以深入探究译者在翻译过程中的心理活动和认知机制。这种跨学科的结合，将为理解汉英翻译提供更全面、更具说服力的证据。 总而言之，《汉英翻译与跨语认知》是一部具有高度学术价值和理论深度的专著。它将带领读者超越单纯的翻译技法层面，深入到语言使用者进行跨语活动的认知世界，揭示汉英翻译背后复杂的认知过程。本书不仅适合语言学、翻译学、认知科学等相关领域的学者和学生阅读，也能够为广大从事汉英翻译的实践者提供深刻的理论启示，帮助他们更自觉、更有效地进行跨语沟通。本书旨在为理解和提升汉英翻译的质量提供一个崭新的认知视角。
作者简介
目录信息
目录
1 Introduction: co-refererice, inter-structure and re-conceptualization in C-E translation
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The co-referential relation in C-E translation
1.3 Inter-structural relations between SL and TL
1.4 Conceptual relations between SL and TL
1.5 Conclusion
2 Cognitive abilities in C-E translation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Images-raw materials for cognitive event in translation
2.3 Cognitive abilities in C-E translation
2.3.1 Recuperation of scene
2.3.2 Selective readjustment
2.3.3 Perspective shifts
2.3.4 Abstraction
2.4 Summary: iconicity as the principle of mechanism for cognitive abilities
3 Cognitive characteristics of re-categorization in C-E translation
3.1 Re-categorization: a cognitive mechanism in translation
3.2 The cognitive characteristics of re-categorization in C-E translation
3.2.1 The confinedness in re-categorization
3.2.2 The split-levelness in re-categorization
3.2.3 The parasiticness of re-categorization
3.2.4 The bi-directionalness in re-categorization
3.3 Conclusion: translational cognitive re-categorization in the light of linguistic philosophy
4 Semantic construction through space blending in C-E translation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Space blending: a theoretical account
4.2.1 Space blending theory
4.2.2 Cold dish or cold plate?
4.3 Frame, domain, space, script: parameters in cross-lingual space blending
4.3.1 Frame: a parameter pertaining to the spatial proximity within a scene
4.3.2 Domain: a parameter pertaining to the total knowledge involved and the interrelatedness of its constituents
4.3.3 Script: a parameter pertaining to a temporally sequenced space
4.3.4 Ease: a parameter against which a constituent in a frame, domain or script is profiled
4.4 Conclusion
5 Two levels of cross-lingual metonymic substitution in C-E translation
5.1 Metonymy in cognitive perspective
5.2 Types of metonymy
5.3 Metaphor-metonymy relationship
5.4 Metonymie approaches to C-E translation
5.4.1 Low-level metonymy
5.4.2 High-level metonymy
5.4.3 Metaphtonymy
5.5 Conclusion
6 Re-lexicalization of motion-event in C-E translation
6.1 Introduction: what is re-lexicalization?
6.2 Re-lexicalization patterns in C-E translation: eventualization,event composition and event decomposition
6.3 Principles in opting for re-lexicalization patterns ".
6.4 Eventualization from verb-weak Chinese
6.5 Re-lexicalization of motion event in C-E translation by composition and decomposition
6.5.1 Motion + Co-Event 1t
6.5.2 Conflation of cause Co-Event onto verb
6.5.3 Conflation of path onto verb
6.5.4 Conflation of figure onto'verb
6.5.5 Conflation of result/effect onto verb
6.5.6 Conflation of ground onto verb
6.6 Translator's two optional tendencies: verb framing and satellite framing
6.7Conclusion: detection of semantic potentials for cross-linguistic lexicalization
7 Re-matching of verb with construction in C-E translation
7.1 Introduction: verb and construction
7.2 Verb-construction links in C-E translation
7.3 The re-matching of equivalent verb for SL with construction
7.3.1 Full compatibility in verb-construction links
7.3.2 Cognitive motivation for verb-construction integration
7.3.3 The main consequence of verb-construction re-matching in C-E translation: a semantic shift
7.4 Conclusion
8 Inter-constructional correlations in C-E translation
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Theoretical prerequisites
8.1.2 Tentative observations
8.2 Constructional productivity in C-E translation
8.2.1 Difference in the degree of constructional productivity between Chinese and English
8.2.2 Productivity of English constructions in C-E translation
8.3 Inter-constructional correlations by metonymic inheritance in C-E translation
8.3.1 Sub-partial links in C-E translation
8.3.2 Componential inheritance of predicative verb and argument role
8.4 Inter-constructional correlations by metaphorical extension in C-E translation
8.4.1 Full extension
8.4.2 Argument role contribution
8.4.3 Argument role annulment
8.5 Inter-constructional transformation in C-E translation
8.6 Conclusion
9 Fictivity and factivity of event re-conceptualization in
C-E translation
9.1 Theoretical framework: factivity and fictivity of cognitive conceptualization
9.2 Path specification and event re-conceptualization in C-E translation
9.2.1 Orientation paths
9.2.2 Radiation paths
9.2.3 Shadow paths
9.2.4 Sensory paths
9.2.5 Pattern paths
10 Semantic orientation,syntactic position and pragmatic function of modifier in C-E translation
References
Subject index
Chinese postscript
· · · · · · (收起)
1 Introduction: co-refererice, inter-structure and re-conceptualization in C-E translation
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The co-referential relation in C-E translation
1.3 Inter-structural relations between SL and TL
1.4 Conceptual relations between SL and TL
1.5 Conclusion
2 Cognitive abilities in C-E translation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Images-raw materials for cognitive event in translation
2.3 Cognitive abilities in C-E translation
2.3.1 Recuperation of scene
2.3.2 Selective readjustment
2.3.3 Perspective shifts
2.3.4 Abstraction
2.4 Summary: iconicity as the principle of mechanism for cognitive abilities
3 Cognitive characteristics of re-categorization in C-E translation
3.1 Re-categorization: a cognitive mechanism in translation
3.2 The cognitive characteristics of re-categorization in C-E translation
3.2.1 The confinedness in re-categorization
3.2.2 The split-levelness in re-categorization
3.2.3 The parasiticness of re-categorization
3.2.4 The bi-directionalness in re-categorization
3.3 Conclusion: translational cognitive re-categorization in the light of linguistic philosophy
4 Semantic construction through space blending in C-E translation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Space blending: a theoretical account
4.2.1 Space blending theory
4.2.2 Cold dish or cold plate?
4.3 Frame, domain, space, script: parameters in cross-lingual space blending
4.3.1 Frame: a parameter pertaining to the spatial proximity within a scene
4.3.2 Domain: a parameter pertaining to the total knowledge involved and the interrelatedness of its constituents
4.3.3 Script: a parameter pertaining to a temporally sequenced space
4.3.4 Ease: a parameter against which a constituent in a frame, domain or script is profiled
4.4 Conclusion
5 Two levels of cross-lingual metonymic substitution in C-E translation
5.1 Metonymy in cognitive perspective
5.2 Types of metonymy
5.3 Metaphor-metonymy relationship
5.4 Metonymie approaches to C-E translation
5.4.1 Low-level metonymy
5.4.2 High-level metonymy
5.4.3 Metaphtonymy
5.5 Conclusion
6 Re-lexicalization of motion-event in C-E translation
6.1 Introduction: what is re-lexicalization?
6.2 Re-lexicalization patterns in C-E translation: eventualization,event composition and event decomposition
6.3 Principles in opting for re-lexicalization patterns ".
6.4 Eventualization from verb-weak Chinese
6.5 Re-lexicalization of motion event in C-E translation by composition and decomposition
6.5.1 Motion + Co-Event 1t
6.5.2 Conflation of cause Co-Event onto verb
6.5.3 Conflation of path onto verb
6.5.4 Conflation of figure onto'verb
6.5.5 Conflation of result/effect onto verb
6.5.6 Conflation of ground onto verb
6.6 Translator's two optional tendencies: verb framing and satellite framing
6.7Conclusion: detection of semantic potentials for cross-linguistic lexicalization
7 Re-matching of verb with construction in C-E translation
7.1 Introduction: verb and construction
7.2 Verb-construction links in C-E translation
7.3 The re-matching of equivalent verb for SL with construction
7.3.1 Full compatibility in verb-construction links
7.3.2 Cognitive motivation for verb-construction integration
7.3.3 The main consequence of verb-construction re-matching in C-E translation: a semantic shift
7.4 Conclusion
8 Inter-constructional correlations in C-E translation
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Theoretical prerequisites
8.1.2 Tentative observations
8.2 Constructional productivity in C-E translation
8.2.1 Difference in the degree of constructional productivity between Chinese and English
8.2.2 Productivity of English constructions in C-E translation
8.3 Inter-constructional correlations by metonymic inheritance in C-E translation
8.3.1 Sub-partial links in C-E translation
8.3.2 Componential inheritance of predicative verb and argument role
8.4 Inter-constructional correlations by metaphorical extension in C-E translation
8.4.1 Full extension
8.4.2 Argument role contribution
8.4.3 Argument role annulment
8.5 Inter-constructional transformation in C-E translation
8.6 Conclusion
9 Fictivity and factivity of event re-conceptualization in
C-E translation
9.1 Theoretical framework: factivity and fictivity of cognitive conceptualization
9.2 Path specification and event re-conceptualization in C-E translation
9.2.1 Orientation paths
9.2.2 Radiation paths
9.2.3 Shadow paths
9.2.4 Sensory paths
9.2.5 Pattern paths
10 Semantic orientation,syntactic position and pragmatic function of modifier in C-E translation
References
Subject index
Chinese postscript
· · · · · · (收起)
读后感
评分
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用户评价
评分
它的特色在于所用例子是外国人翻译的例子，native~
评分它的特色在于所用例子是外国人翻译的例子，native~
评分它的特色在于所用例子是外国人翻译的例子，native~
评分它的特色在于所用例子是外国人翻译的例子，native~
评分它的特色在于所用例子是外国人翻译的例子，native~
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