机会平等与分配正义 pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2026

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出版者:

作者:周谨平

出品人:

页数:207

译者:

出版时间:2009-12

价格:27.00元

装帧:

isbn号码:9787010082295

丛书系列:

图书标签:

• 经济学
• 政治伦理
• 平等
• 伦理学
• 机会平等
• 分配正义
• 社会公平
• 正义理论
• 伦理学
• 政治哲学
• 福利国家
• 资源分配
• 平等原则
• 社会政策

《机会平等与分配正义》是一本深刻探讨社会公平与资源配置的著作，它并非一本描绘跌宕起伏的情节、塑造鲜活人物的虚构小说；也非一本提供具体方法指导、手把手教你实现某个目标的实用指南。它更像是一张引人深思的地图，勾勒出社会运行的内在逻辑，触及了人类社会最根本的追问：我们如何才能构建一个更公平、更值得期待的社会？ 这本书的核心在于其对“机会平等”与“分配正义”这两个概念的深入辨析和系统梳理。它并非仅仅停留在字面意义的解释，而是将这两个概念置于宏大的历史、哲学、经济和社会背景下进行审视。作者通过对不同历史时期、不同思想流派的梳理，展现了人们在追求公平过程中所经历的思考演变，以及不同社会形态下公平理念的呈现方式。 首先，在“机会平等”的维度上，本书并非陈述某个具体行业或领域内是否存在普遍性的机会均等。它所探讨的，是更深层次的、关于可能性本身的公平。作者首先剥离了那些肤浅的、仅仅关注形式上的“机会”，例如“任何人都可以购买彩票，所以人人有机会发财”式的简单论断。相反，它深入剖析了机会背后的结构性因素。这意味着，本书会带领读者审视那些隐藏在社会肌理中的障碍，比如出身、性别、种族、地域、社会阶层等，这些因素是如何在不经意间，甚至在明面上，构筑起难以逾越的鸿沟，使得不同个体在起点上就已经承受着截然不同的“运气”和“可能性”。 本书会探讨，真正的机会平等，是否意味着要消除所有可能导致结果差异的背景因素，让每个人都能站在绝对同一起跑线上？还是说，我们应该关注的是，当这些先天条件存在差异时，社会如何能够有效地弥补这些不足，提供更有力的支持，让那些处于劣势的个体，也能够拥有接近的、有意义的发展机会？这里面就涉及到了“实质性机会平等”与“形式性机会平等”的区分，以及为何前者往往是实现更深层公平的关键。 Furthermore, the book will delve into the philosophical underpinnings of opportunity. It will explore how different philosophical traditions, from ancient Greek notions of virtue and merit to modern liberal egalitarianism and libertarianism, have conceptualized what constitutes a fair opportunity. Are opportunities simply about access to resources and positions, or do they also encompass the development of capabilities and the freedom to pursue one's own life plans? The text will likely examine thinkers who emphasize the role of social institutions in shaping and distributing opportunities, arguing that a just society must actively work to dismantle discriminatory structures and foster an environment where everyone has a genuine chance to succeed. 接着，本书将目光转向“分配正义”。这同样不是一本关于如何进行具体财产分割或财富再分配的“操作手册”。它是一次关于“什么才是公正的分配？”的深刻诘问。作者会带领读者审视历史上和当代社会中存在的各种分配模式，从基于贡献的分配（每个人按照其劳动付出获得回报），到基于需求的分配（每个人根据其生活所需获得资源），再到基于平等的分配（每个人获得相同数量的资源），以及一些混合型的分配原则。 本书不会轻易地为任何一种分配原则贴上“最终答案”的标签。相反，它会详细分析每种原则的优点和局限性。例如，基于贡献的原则看似公平，但它如何处理那些因身体残疾、社会分工的非对称性等原因而无法贡献相同价值的个体？基于需求的原则，其“需求”的界定本身就可能存在争议，而且如何评估和满足这些需求，又是一个巨大的挑战。而绝对平等的分配，在现实中可能导致效率低下和社会活力减弱。 Therefore, the book aims to guide the reader through a nuanced understanding of distributive justice. It will likely explore various theories of justice, such as John Rawls's concept of justice as fairness, which emphasizes the importance of fair distribution of primary goods and the difference principle. It will also engage with critiques of such theories, considering perspectives that prioritize individual liberty and voluntary exchange, or those that highlight the role of historical injustices and the need for corrective measures. The text will likely argue that achieving distributive justice is not merely about establishing a single, universally applicable formula, but rather about creating a dynamic and responsive system that balances competing claims and aims to ensure a basic level of well-being for all members of society. The book further investigates the intricate relationship between opportunity and distribution. It will argue that these two concepts are not independent, but rather deeply intertwined. Unequal distribution of resources and power can significantly hinder the creation and accessibility of genuine opportunities. Conversely, a society that fails to provide fair opportunities for all will inevitably struggle to achieve a just distribution of outcomes. The text will likely explore how economic systems, political structures, and cultural norms all play a role in shaping both opportunities and distributions, and how these elements can either reinforce or challenge existing inequalities. A significant portion of the book is likely dedicated to the challenges and complexities of implementing principles of equal opportunity and distributive justice in the real world. It will not shy away from the practical difficulties involved, such as defining what constitutes a “fair” distribution, designing effective policies to promote opportunity, and navigating the inevitable conflicts that arise when different groups have competing interests. The text may discuss the role of government, civil society organizations, and individual actions in advancing these ideals. It might also address the historical and ongoing debates surrounding affirmative action, social welfare programs, and progressive taxation, examining the arguments for and against such measures. Furthermore, the book will likely engage with contemporary issues that highlight the tension between opportunity and distribution. This could include discussions on the impact of globalization, technological advancements, and climate change on social inequality. It may explore how the digital divide exacerbates existing disparities in access to information and education, or how the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few impacts the political landscape and the ability of ordinary citizens to influence public policy. In essence, 《机会平等与分配正义》 offers a comprehensive intellectual framework for understanding and grappling with the persistent challenges of fairness in society. It is a book for those who are willing to engage in deep, critical thinking about the fundamental principles that should guide our collective life. It encourages readers to move beyond simplistic slogans and to develop a more sophisticated appreciation of the complex interplay between individual agency, social structures, and the pursuit of a more just and equitable world. It is a call to reflection, to analysis, and ultimately, to action, by equipping the reader with the conceptual tools necessary to engage in informed discussions and to advocate for a society where everyone has a fair chance and where resources are distributed in a manner that reflects our shared humanity and aspirations. This book is not about providing ready-made solutions, but rather about fostering a deeper understanding of the questions themselves. It invites the reader to become an active participant in the ongoing conversation about what it means to live in a truly just society, prompting critical self-examination and a commitment to building a future where fairness is not just an ideal, but a lived reality for all.

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