Insurgent citizenships have arisen in cities around the world. This book examines the insurgence of democratic citizenship in the urban peripheries of So Paulo, Brazil, its entanglement with entrenched systems of inequality, and its contradiction in violence. James Holston argues that for two centuries Brazilians have practiced a type of citizenship all too common among nation-states--one that is universally inclusive in national membership and massively inegalitarian in distributing rights and in its legalization of social differences. But since the 1970s, he shows, residents of Brazil's urban peripheries have formulated a new citizenship that is destabilizing the old. Their mobilizations have developed not primarily through struggles of labor but through those of the city--particularly illegal residence, house building, and land conflict. Yet precisely as Brazilians democratized urban space and achieved political democracy, violence, injustice, and impunity increased dramatically. Based on comparative, ethnographic, and historical research, Insurgent Citizenship reveals why the insurgent and the entrenched remain dangerously conjoined as new kinds of citizens expand democracy even as new forms of violence and exclusion erode it. Rather than view this paradox as evidence of democratic failure and urban chaos, Insurgent Citizenship argues that contradictory realizations of citizenship characterize all democracies--emerging and established. Focusing on processes of city- and citizen-making now prevalent globally, it develops new approaches for understanding the contemporary course of democratic citizenship in societies of vastly different cultures and histories.
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autoconstruction, insurgent vs entrenched. legalizing social differences in ways that legitimate an reproduce inequality. urban peripheries both the context and substance of new urban citizenship. conflicts over the terms of national membership and distribution of rights. social mobilization, reconfigure state-society 不僅是程度更是性質上的差異
评分我最欣賞的是Holston關於關於autoconstruction的分析框架。沒有以往分析imformal住宅的一麵倒的支持和反對。他認為製造informal housing是個悖論parodox-- 是working class對自己遭遇的一種有效抵抗，但這種方式的抵抗，卻又反過來加深瞭對working class産生壓迫的住房機製。Bravo！
评分autoconstruction, insurgent vs entrenched. legalizing social differences in ways that legitimate an reproduce inequality. urban peripheries both the context and substance of new urban citizenship. conflicts over the terms of national membership and distribution of rights. social mobilization, reconfigure state-society 不僅是程度更是性質上的差異
评分Unique perspectives from differentiated citizenship to democratic citizenship, would be more convincing if ethnographic research could be achieved inside gangs as well as interview slum-based gang leaders instead of simply discussing public discourse.
评分Unique perspectives from differentiated citizenship to democratic citizenship, would be more convincing if ethnographic research could be achieved inside gangs as well as interview slum-based gang leaders instead of simply discussing public discourse.
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