具体描述
Scenes of starvation have drawn the world's attention to Africa's agricultural and environmental crisis. Some observers question whether this continent can ever hope to feed its growing population. Yet there is an overlooked food resource in sub-Saharan Africa that has vast potential: native food plants. When experts were asked to nominate African food plants for inclusion in a new book, a list of 30 species grew quickly to hundreds. All in all, Africa has more than 2,000 native grains and fruits--"lost" species due for rediscovery and exploitation. This volume focuses on native cereals, including African rice, reserved until recently as a luxury food for religious rituals. Finger millet, neglected internationally although it is a staple for millions. Fonio (acha), probably the oldest African cereal and sometimes called "hungry rice." Pearl millet, a widely used grain that still holds great untapped potential. Sorghum, with prospects for making the twenty-first century the "century of sorghum." Tef, in many ways ideal but only now enjoying budding commercial production. Other cultivated and wild grains. This readable and engaging book dispels myths, often based on Western bias, about the nutritional value, flavor, and yield of these African grains. Designed as a tool for economic development, the volume is organized with increasing levels of detail to meet the needs of both lay and professional readers. The authors present the available information on where and how each grain is grown, harvested, and processed, and they list its benefits and limitations as a food source. The authors describe "next steps" for increasing the use of each grain, outline research needs, and address issues in building commercial production. Sidebars cover such interesting points as the potential use of gene mapping and other "high-tech" agricultural techniques on these grains. This fact-filled volume will be of great interest to agricultural experts, entrepreneurs, researchers, and individuals concerned about restoring food production, environmental health, and economic opportunity in sub-Saharan Africa. Selection, Newbridge Garden Book Club
Lost Crops of Africa: A Deep Dive into Unsung Agricultural Heritage Book Title: Lost Crops of Africa Introduction Africa, a continent teeming with unparalleled biodiversity, stands at a critical juncture where ancient agricultural wisdom clashes with the demands of modern food security. Lost Crops of Africa is not merely a catalog; it is an immersive journey into the heart of African agricultural history, meticulously tracing the decline and rediscovery of indigenous food sources that once sustained vast populations and defined regional cuisines. This volume endeavors to illuminate the ecological, cultural, and economic significance of crops that have been marginalized by the Green Revolution and global commodity markets, offering a vital perspective on sustainable development and resilient food systems. The narrative unfolds across diverse geographical zones—from the arid Sahel to the humid tropical forests and the highlands of East Africa—demonstrating how specific native plants adapted to local environmental stresses where introduced monocultures often fail spectacularly. The book argues persuasively that the disappearance of these locally adapted crops represents an irreplaceable loss of genetic resources, nutritional diversity, and cultural identity, severely hampering Africa’s ability to cope with unpredictable climate change. Part I: The Tapestry of Indigenous Agriculture This section lays the historical and environmental groundwork. It moves beyond generalized notions of African farming to explore the sophisticated systems developed over millennia. We examine the deep symbiotic relationship between specific communities and their staple crops, often rooted in complex social structures, ritual practices, and traditional knowledge systems concerning soil management and pest control that are largely unwritten but profoundly effective. The Great Millets and Sorghums: While modern agriculture often focuses on a narrow band of these grains, this part dedicates substantial attention to forgotten varieties of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) known for their drought tolerance and superior nutritional profiles compared to modern equivalents. The detailed examination includes cultivars with unique processing qualities—such as those ideal for traditional brewing or specific porridge textures—that have vanished from commercial seed banks. Root and Tuber Resilience: The analysis delves into the astonishing variety of forgotten yams (Dioscorea spp.) and wild tubers. Unlike the commercially dominant cassava, these older varieties often possessed higher concentrations of essential micronutrients or resisted specific local pathogens that contemporary cultivars struggle against. The text meticulously charts the decline of specific yam cultivation techniques linked to shifting labor patterns and deforestation. Forgotten Legumes and Oilseeds: A significant portion of the book focuses on the crucial role of legumes in natural soil fertilization and protein supply. Rediscovered pulses, such as certain pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) landraces or the protein-rich Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea), are profiled not just for their agronomic traits but for their ability to thrive in poor soils without intensive synthetic inputs—a model increasingly relevant today. The section also covers unique oil-bearing seeds that offered superior fatty acid profiles or possessed natural pest-repellent qualities. Part II: Ecological Collapse and Cultural Erasure This segment transitions to an investigative exploration of why these crops vanished. It meticulously details the interwoven forces of ecological disruption and socio-economic pressure. The Impact of Colonial Policy: The book dissects how colonial administrations imposed cash-crop economies (coffee, cocoa, groundnuts for export), often forcing communities to abandon subsistence diversity for monocultures dependent on volatile international markets. This structural shift systematically devalued traditional food crops in local economies and agricultural extension services. Genetic Erosion and Seed Sovereignty: A powerful argument is made concerning the erosion of local crop germplasm. When farmers adopt a few high-yielding, externally provided varieties, the vast genetic library held within local landraces disappears. The text explores case studies where the loss of a single traditional variety led to increased vulnerability to a specific pest outbreak years later, illustrating the inherent risk of reduced genetic diversity. Culinary Disconnect: Beyond the field, the book explores the kitchen. Traditional crops are intrinsically linked to specific preparation methods, fermentation processes, and communal festivities. As modernization accelerates urbanization, the specialized knowledge required to process and cook these foods—often time-intensive or involving specific processing equipment—is lost, leading to their abandonment even when the seeds remain available. Profiles of elder cooks and traditional food historians provide firsthand accounts of this cultural severing. Part III: Pathways to Rediscovery and Revitalization The final section shifts focus from loss to actionable hope, showcasing contemporary efforts to bring these invaluable resources back into the agricultural landscape. Bio-Prospecting and Scientific Validation: This part details modern botanical research focused on characterizing the forgotten crops. It presents empirical data validating the nutritional superiority (in terms of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidant capacity) of certain ancient grains or leafy vegetables over globally accepted staples. It highlights collaborative efforts between international research institutes and local seed savers. Market Creation and Value Addition: The volume moves beyond mere preservation to address economic viability. It profiles entrepreneurs, cooperatives, and chefs who are successfully creating niche, high-value markets for rediscovered foods—such as gluten-free flours from traditional teff varieties or artisanal beverages made from neglected fruits. The emphasis here is on developing sustainable value chains that benefit the rural custodians of this biodiversity. Policy and Education for the Future: The book concludes with a robust call to action directed at policymakers and educators. It advocates for national seed policies that prioritize in-situ conservation, integrate traditional ecological knowledge into formal agricultural extension programs, and revise school curricula to celebrate and teach the value of indigenous food heritage. The goal is not simply to replace modern crops but to foster resilient, mixed farming systems where the strengths of the old and the new complement each other. Lost Crops of Africa is an essential reference for agricultural scientists, policymakers, food historians, environmentalists, and anyone concerned with food sovereignty and the sustainable future of the African continent. It serves as a compelling argument that the keys to solving tomorrow’s food crises may very well be buried in the forgotten fields of yesterday.
