Figures
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Introduction: Problems and Perspectives
PART 1: Early Images: The Bodhisattva of This Defiled World
1. Early Scriptural Representations: Texts and Contexts
The Scripture on the Ten Wheels
The Section on the Sumeru Treasury
The Intellectual and Socio-Political Climate
2. Cultic Beginnings Reconsidered
Buddhist Records of Dizang Worship
The Sanjie Jiao Connection
The Work of the Translator and Exegete Sinbang
Icons of Dizang and the Six Paths in Shaanxi Art
Rethinking the Early Dissemination of Dizang Worship
PART 2: Multiple Images: This World, Hell, and Pure Land
3. Indigenous and Accretionary Scriptures
The Scripture on Divination: From Karmic Divination to Philosophical Meditation
The Exorcism Method: A Buddho-Daoist Formula for Demonology
A Ritual Manual on the Bodhisattva Dizang: Dizang in Esoteric Rites
The Scripture on the Bodhisattva Dizang: From Hell to Pure Land
The Scripture on the Past Vows: A Canonization of Filial Piety and Afterlife Practices
New Scriptures, New Images of Dizang
4. Art and Epigraphy
A Princely Householder or Monk Bodhisattva?
Dizang and Guanyin as Saviors of This World
From Amitâbha Triads to Rebirth in the Pure Land
Glimpses of a Bhaisajyaguru Connection?
A Ray of Light in the Ten Kings’ Dark Courts
Guiding the Way in the Afterlife: The Bodhisattva Yinlu
Images of Dizang in Esoteric Buddhist Practices
Forgotten Images in Religious Artifacts
5. Narative Literature
The Earliest Dizang Miracle Tale
Non-Buddhist Records
A Buddhist Compilation of Dizang Miracle Tales
The Canonization of a Buddhist Cult
Conclusion: Reassessing Dizang, Lord of the Underworld
Afterlife Practices in China
Female Practice of Filial Piety
Ritual Divination, Exorcism, and Healing
The Daoist Savior of Hells
The Cult of Mount Jiuhua
Rethinking Tang Buddhism
Appendix 1: The Scripture on the Ten Wheels: Reevaluating the Traditional Dating
Appendix 2: Antecedents of Dizang? Ksitigarbha in India and Central Asia
Appendix 3: Translations of Scriptures
The Exorcism Method of Dizang’s Aspiration Toward Great Awakening
A Ritual Manual on the Bodhisattva Dizang
Scripture on the Bodhisattva Dizang
Works Cited
Index
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