Contents
Preface xv
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
Reasons for Internetworking
Reasons for Internetworking with ATM
Terms and Definitions
Internetworking and Interworking
L-2 and L.3 Protocol Data Units (PDUs)
Addresses and Virtual Circuit Identifiers
Routing and Switohing
Specific Terms for the Virtual Circuit ID
Correlating Addresses and Virtual Circuit IDs
ATM Internetworking Examples
Comparison of ATM and Frame Relay
The ATM and Frame Relay Headers
Comparison of ATM and LAN Technologies
Comparison of ATM and IP
Conventions for ATM Interfaces and Data Units
Summary
CHAPTER 2 Encapsulation and Address Mapping Operations
Encapsulation Concepts
Service Access Points (SAPS)
LLC and LSAPS
Ethertype (Type)
Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP)
ISO/IEC TR 9577 (Network Level Protocol
Identifier [NLPID])
Examples of Joint Use of NLPID and SNAP
IP Protocol 10
Ports/PSAPS
Putting It All Together
Example of Encapsulation Operations
Support for Layer 2 and 3 Protocols
Encapsulation Rules for Frame Relay (RFC 1490)
Encapsulation Rules forATM (RFC 1483)
Options in RFC 1483
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
The ARP Protocol Data Units (PDUs)
Frame Relay ARP
Classical IP and ARP Over ATM (RFC 1577)
The LIS Configuration
Rules for Address Resolution
Operations at the ATMARP Server and Client
Operations at the Server
Operations at the ATMARP Client Site
ATMARP and Inverse ATMARP Packet Formats
ATMARP and INATMARP Packet Encapsulation
Multicast Address Resolution Server (MARS)
Pros and Cons of MARS
Summary
CHAPTER 3 ATM/Frame Relay Interworking Operations
ATM/Frame Relay Interworking Models
Internetworking Definitions
Protocol Encapsulation and Protocol Mapping
Network and Service Interworking
Guides for the User Interface
Primitive Operations
Parameter Primitives
One Scenario for ATM Frame Relay Interworking
Guidance from RFC 1483
Summary
CHAPTER 4 DXI and FUNI
Why DX1 and FUNI were Developed
DXI and FUNI Topologies
A Look at the Headers
DXI Modes
Example of Modes 1 A and 1 B
Examples of DXI Frames 65
DXI Frame Address Mappings
Comparisons of DXI and FUNI
Frame Relay vs. DXI/FUNI
Summary
CHAPTER 5 Network Interworking
Network Interworking Concepts
Network Interworking Scenarios
Network Interworking Functions
Variable Length PDU Formatting and Delimiting
Error Detection
Connection Multiplexing
Discard Eligibility and Cell Loss Mapping
Congestion Indication
PVC Status Management
Summary
CHAPTER 6 Service Interworking 87
Definitions of Service Interworking
FR-ATM Interworking Service
Service Interworking Functions
Frame Formatting and Delimiting
Discard Eligibility and Cell Loss Priority Mapping
Congestion Indication
Mapping the DLCI
PVC Management Procedures
Formatting and Identification Procedures
Bridged PDUs
Routed OSI PDUs
Other Encapsulations
ARP Procedures
ARP Message Formats
Traffic Management
Frame Relay Quality of Service
ATM Quality of Service
FR-ATM Quality of Service
Connection Policing and Traffic Shaping
Summary
Introduction to LAN Emulation
Comparing LANS and ATM
Purpose of LAN Emulation (LANE)
Support of Key LAN Operations
LAN Emulation Components
Registrations
ARP Operations
Connection Setup
Virtual Channels
LAN Use of Primitives (Service Detinitions)
The LAN Protocol Model
Principal LUNI Functions
Control and Data Channel Connection
Control Channel Connections
Data Channel Connections
The Initialization Function
Address Resolution Operations
Connection Establishment Procedures
The SETUP Message
Rules for Sending User Traffic
Spanning Tree Operations
Summary
CHAPTER 8 Service Specification and Protocol Data Units
(PDUs)
Basic Concepts
LE-ULP Service Specifications
LE-AAL Service Specifications
LE-Connaction Management Service Specifications
Parameters for the Connection Service
CONTENTS
Add and Drop Party Procedure
LE-Layer Management Service Specifications
Data Frames
Type/Length (TL) Operations
Summary
CHAPTER 9
Configuration, Registration, and ARP Procedures
and LNNI
The Configure Operation
The Join Operation
The Registration Operation
Registration Frame Format
The Lane Addresss Resolution Protocol
The ARP Frames
LE Client Use of ARP
LE Server Use of ARP
Example of ARP Opeations
ARP Frame Format
LE-NARP Frame Format
LE-opology-Request Frame Format
LAN Emulation Network-Network Interface (LNNI)
Summary
CHAPTER 10 Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP)
Purpose of NHRP
Modeling the NBMA Network
NHRP Operations
Examples of NBMA Operations
Authoritative and Nonauthoritative Replies
Restrictions on the Messaaes
Station Configurations
A More Detailed Example
The NHRP Messages
Pros and Cons of NHRP
Other NHRP Operations
Summary
CHAPTER 11 Multiprotocol over ATM (MPOA)
Purpose of MPOA
Advantages of L-3 Operations
Intra-Subnet and Inter-Subnet Operations
Virtual Routing
MPOA Requirements
MPOA Cache
Ingress Cache
Egress Cache
MPOA Clients and Servers
The MPC
The Use of Tags
MPOA Information Flows
Major MPOA Operations
Examples of MPOA Operations
MPOA Host-to-MPOA Host
Edge Device-to-MPOA Host
Edge Device-to-Edge Device
Roles of MPS and MPC in More Detail
The MPOA Protocol Data Units (PDUS) Formats
Format and Syntax for the MPOA Messages
Other MPOA Operations Summary
Appendix A Basics of Intemetworking
Appendix B Addressing Conventions
Appendix C Lane Parameters
Abbreviations
Other References
Index
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