达尔文(Charles Robert Darwin，1809－1882)英国博物学家，进化论的奠基人。1809年2月12日，出生于英国医生家庭。1825年至1828年在爱丁大学学医，后进入剑桥大学学习神学。1831年从剑桥大学毕业后，以博物学家的身份乘海军勘探船“贝格尔号(Beagle)”作历时5年(1831－1836)的环球旅行，观察和搜集了动物、植物和地质等方面的大量材料，经过归纳整理和综合分析，形成了生物进行的概念。1859年出版《物种起源(On the Origin of Species)》一书，全面提出以自然选择(Theoty of Natural Selection)为基础的进化学说。该书出版震动当时的学术界，成为生物学史上的一个转折点。自然选择的进化学说对各种唯心的神造论、目的论和物种不变论提出根本性的挑战。使当时生物学各领域已经形成的概念和观念发生根本性的改变。随后达尔文又发表了《动物和植物在家养下的变异(The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication ，1868)》、《人类由来及性的选择(The Descent of Man ，1871)》和《人类和动物的表情(The Expression of the Emotions in Animals and Man，1872)》等书，对人工选择作了系统的叙述，并提出性选择及人类起源的理论，进一步充实了进化学说的内容。

It is now fully recognized that the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species in 1859 brought about a revolution in man's attitude toward life and his own place in the universe. This work is rightly regarded as one of the most important books ever published, and a knowledge of it should be part of the intellectual equipment of every educated person. The book remains surprisingly modern in its assertions and is also remarkably accessible to the layman, much more so than recent treatises necessarily encumbered with technical language and professional jargon. </p>

This first edition had a freshness and uncompromising directness that were considerably weakened in later editions, and yet nearly all available reprints of the work are based on the greatly modified sixth edition of 1872. In the only other modern reprinting of the first edition, the pagination was changed, so that it is impossible to give page references to significant passages in the original. Clearly this facsimile reprint of the momentous first edition fills a need for scholars and general readers alike. </p>