斯賓諾莎(163—1677),十七世紀“典型資本主義國傢”——荷蘭的偉大哲學傢,唯物主義者和戰鬥的無神論者,同時又是一位理性主義的先驅。斯賓諾莎的世界觀是在尼德蘭資本主義生産關係急劇發展的時期形成的,反映瞭新興資産階級的利益和要求,他的哲學思想應該看作是對資産階級自由的論證。
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Benedict de Spinoza lived a life of blameless simplicity as a lens-grinder in Holland. And yet in his lifetime, he was expelled from the Jewish community in Amsterdam as a heretic, and after his death his words were first banned by the Christian authorities as atheistic, then hailed by humanists as the gospel of Pantheism. His "Ethics Demonstrated in Geometrical Order" shows us the reality behind this enigmatic figure. First published by his friends after his premature death at the age of 44, the "Ethics" uses the methods of Euclid to describe a single entity, properly called both "God" and "Nature", of which mind and matter are two manifestations. From this follow, in ways that are strikingly modern, the identity of mind and body, the necessary causation of events and actions, and the illusory nature of free will.
斯宾诺莎(Benedict de Spinoza)最后在阿姆斯特丹的日子无比艰难:遗产官司缠身,被开除出犹太教教门,几乎成了全民公敌。一个宗教狂热分子试图刺杀他,未遂。他只好带着那件被刀刺穿的大衣,还有一点点行李和财产,迁往莱顿继续研究哲学。 这只是他一生颠沛流浪的开始。斯宾诺...
評分我意识到所有情绪的根源归结到底其实都只关于自身,是对自身的反馈,由此加深为人的存在感,进而揭示自己的本质。我开始觉得人与人之间的关系、感情、连结毫无力量,它们甚至是错误的。当然,这里的错误是对尚未能正确认识的人而言。 人们应用一种超越情感的东西连接彼此,而不...
評分 評分 評分以下命題摘錄自《倫理學》之第三部分《論情感的起源和性質》(該書是“以幾何學的方法”寫成的): 命題十九 當一個人想象著他所愛的對象被消滅時,他將感到愁苦,反之,如果他想象著他所愛的對象尚保存著時,則他將感到快樂。 命題二十 當一個人想象著他所恨的對象被消滅...
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评分陪伴寫作高潮所以給爺爺高分
评分112
评分陪伴寫作高潮所以給爺爺高分
评分陪伴寫作高潮所以給爺爺高分
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