吉諾維斯（Eugene D．Genovese，1930— ) 美國曆史學傢。生於布魯剋林工人傢庭。1959年獲哥倫比亞大學哲學博士學位。1963—1967年任拉特格斯大學副教授，因積極參加學生運動、反戰運動並公開為“越共”辯護而被解聘。1967年被迫離開美國，前往加拿大濛特利爾任喬治·威廉斯大學教授。1969年起任羅徹斯特大學曆史學教授。1978年當選美國曆史學傢組織主席，同年創刊《馬剋思主義展望》，並擔任主編。專心緻誌於美國奴隸製研究，認為馬剋思主義關於經濟基礎決定上層建築的原理是進行奴隸製研究的理論工具。作品受新左派運動影響，反對機械決定論，重視思想文化因素，並試圖用葛蘭西的“霸權”概念來解釋美國南方奴隸製，但近期作品逐漸錶現齣重視階級鬥爭的傾嚮。主要著作有：《奴隸製政治經濟學：南方奴隸製經濟與社會研究》、《奴隸主創造的世界》、《在紅與黑裏：對南方和非洲裔美國人曆史的解釋》、《約旦河奔騰不息：奴隸創造的世界》、《從造反到革命：非洲裔美國奴隸在現代世界的暴動》、《商業資本的果實：資本主義上升和發展時期的奴隸製和資産階級財富》。

This weighty book intends to "tell the story of slave life as carefully and accurately as possible." Less given over to theoretical and topical polemic than Genovese's earlier works on Southern slavery, it is by no means a catalogue. It amplifies Genovese's stress on the humanity slaves were able to preserve through de facto accommodations on the part of both slave and master, through the reciprocal play of "elementary human reactions" across class and color lines, and through the slaves' "strong sense of stewardship" for one another. This is a necessary transcendence of many other historians' dehumanizing view of both slaves and slaveholders, and to it Genovese brings his intellectual expansiveness and depth of feeling as he further documents key points featured in The World the Slaveholders Made (1969) and The Red and the Black (1972): the resourcefulness and egalitarianism of many house servants, the protective, responsible character of many black drivers, the prevalence of family stability and the nourishment Christianity afforded against degradation. Some critics will argue persuasively that Genovese has not done justice to southern slavery's deprivation, brutality and murder. As a matter of page-by-page arithmetic, Genovese certainly places more weight on young folks' play by the cabin door than on "evidence of widespread dirt-eating." The question - raised very differently by Fogel and Engerman in Time on the Cross (KR, p. 220), whose econometric inferences crosshatch Genovese's view - is one of method and concept in shaping the evidence. The subject will be pursued in debates, and anyone concerned with human development should read Genovese's book to knowledgeably participate.