卢梭,18世纪法国启蒙思想家、哲学家、教育家、文学家、音乐家,法国大革命的思想先驱,启蒙运动最卓越的代表人物之一,被誉为“现代民主政体之父”。卢梭坚持社会契约论,主张建立资产阶级的“理性王国”;强调自由平等,反对压迫;提出“天赋人权”,反对专制、暴政。其代表作有:《论人类不平等的起源和基础》、 《社会契约论》、《爱弥儿》、《忏悔录》等。
With the publication of "The Social Contract" in 1761, Jean-Jacques Rousseau took his place among the leading political philosophers of the Enlightenment. Like his contractarian predecessors (Thomas Hobbes and John Locke), Rousseau sought to ground his political theory in an understanding of human nature, which he believed to be basically good but corrupted by the conflicting interests within society. Here self-interest degenerated into a state of war from which humanity could only be extricated by the imposition of a contract.As a party to the compact, each individual would find his true interest served within the political expression of the community of man, or the "general will." What is the content of human nature and how does it compel mankind to come together to create a civil society? What form does this society take? What benefits does it offer its citizens, and what must each individual sacrifice to reap its rewards? How does sovereign power manifest itself, and what consequences follow for those who choose not to abide by the "general will"? Does Rousseau's political theory set forth a blueprint for democracy - one that results in equality, universal suffrage, and popular sovereignty - or is it a recipe for central state totalitarianism?These are just a few of the complex questions that will confront readers of "The Social Contract". Whatever their intent or ultimate result, Jean-Jacques Rousseau's views on the state and man's relationship to it have culminated in one of the most powerful and compelling pieces of political philosophy ever written.
《社会契约论》作为18世纪法国启蒙运动主要思想家让•雅克•卢梭(1712-1778)的代表作之一,为十八世纪末法国资产阶级民主革命和美国资产阶级民主革命提供了理论纲领。虽然这本书和卢梭本人颇具争议,甚至被许多学者批评是空想且反科学的,但其对法国大革命乃至当今世界的...
评分卢梭在《社会契约论》中用公意、主权、人民、契约、自由、平等等词语勾勒的政治哲学框架(主要是政府与政治共同体的框架)相当大程度将我们带到了一条自相矛盾的死胡同当中,对于诸多的内在矛盾和疑问很难在卢梭自己的体系里面解决,即便是某些体系内自圆其说的部分其实按照我...
评分这篇书评是我对社会契约论的一个简单的思路整理和对一些比较有启示的话的思考。 知识在总是在错综复杂的关系中连通着。 1.自由: 卢梭从人的自由开始起论。“人是生而自由的,却无往不在枷锁之中,自以为是自由的主人的人,反而比其他一切更是奴隶”。 什么是自由?一个人...
评分今晚是我们这个读书小组的第一次讨论,欢迎大家来到这个小小的学术共同体。 每次过东校区看到朝气蓬勃的面孔都很激动,你们总是让我想到顾城的一句诗:“你没有 见过乌云.你的眼睛有蓝天一样的颜色。”这让我仿佛回到几年前在珠海校区与世隔绝的度假式的大一、大二生活,...
评分在卢梭的社会契约论里,将意志分为三种形式,首先是个人意志,个人意志是社会公民最基本的需求,在马斯洛的人本哲学里,属于生存需要和安全需要的最基本需求。其次是团体意志,团体意志如果放大到整个国家来说,可以定义为党派意志或者说国家管理集团的意志。第三种是公共意志...
The greatest illustration of the Political Model of Mankinds
评分权力如何集中与分配,社会如何治理与发展。绝对的经典,强烈推荐所有大学生都应该读一读。
评分The greatest illustration of the Political Model of Mankinds
评分权力如何集中与分配,社会如何治理与发展。绝对的经典,强烈推荐所有大学生都应该读一读。
评分The greatest illustration of the Political Model of Mankinds
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