第1 章 认识SDN..................................................1
1.1 什么是SDN ..................................................1
1.2 SDN 不是什么...............................................6
1.3 SDN 架构.................................................7
1.4 SDN 发展历史.............................................10
1.5 对SDN 的误解...............................................16
1.6 不该被遗忘的SDN 先烈.............................19
第2 章 我们为什么需要SDN...................................21
2.1 网络业务发展趋势.......................................21
2.2 传统网络碰到了瓶颈...................................24
2.3 SDN 如何来解决这些问题..........................25
2.4 SDN 适用的网络..................................................27
2.5 让我们来看两个案例...................................28
2.5.1 案例一:使用传统交换机的案例..................29
2.5.2 案例二:使用OpenFlow 交换机的案例..................31
第3 章 SDN 相关组织及利益纷争........................35
3.1 ONF(Open Networking Foundation)..............35
3.1.1 ONF 性质和职责..........................................35
3.1.2 ONF 组织结构...................................................37
3.1.3 ONF Plugfest .................................................38
3.1.4 ONS(Open Networking Summit)..............41
3.2 ODL(OpenDayLight) ...........................42
3.2.1 ODL 诞生的原因分析.................................42
3.2.2 ODL 主要目标介绍和分析...................45
3.2.3 ONF 和ODL 的比较...................................46
3.2.4 ODL 和ONF 的利益冲突......................47
3.2.5 ODL 内部利益之争及Big Switch 的退出事件..................48
3.2.6 OpenDayLight 系统架构...........................51
3.3 OCP(Open Computer Project)................53
3.4 NFV(Network Function Virtualization) .........55
3.4.1 NFV 性质.............................................55
3.4.2 NFV 主要的工作目标................................56
3.4.3 NFV 所带来的好处........................................58
3.4.4 NFV 跟SDN 的关系.....................................58
3.4.5 NFV 目前进展..................................................60
3.5 ONRC................................................61
3.6 IETF........................ 62
3.6.1 Softwre Driven Network.....................................62
3.6.2 I2RS .............................................................63
第4 章 详解OpenFlow ...........................................65
4.1 OpenFlow 标准分析...........................................67
4.1.1 交换机转发面详解....................................67
4.1.2 Controller 和交换机之间消息................75
4.1.3 OpenFlow Channel ........................................78
4.1.4 Controller 角色和选举.......................78
4.1.5 OpenFlow 系统性能指标......................79
4.1.6 OpenFlow Controller 和交换机工作流程...................80
4.1.7 对OpenFlow 标准的总结.....................81
4.2 OF-Config 介绍.................................................81
4.3 Controller(控制器)......................................84
4.3.1 Controller 架构介绍.....................................84
4.3.2 Onix 分布式Controller 模型.........................86
4.3.3 FloodLight ......................................87
4.3.4 Ryu............................................88
4.3.5 NOX/POX.........................................................88
4.3.6 Trema.............................................................89
4.4 OpenFlow 所面临的挑战.............................89
4.4.1 OpenFlow 控制面的挑战........................89
4.4.2 OpenFlow 转发面的挑战..........................91
4.4.3 芯片厂商的犹豫...........................................94
4.5 OpenFlow 转发面的各种尝试和创新......................99
4.5.1 NPU 和FPGA 方案...............................99
4.5.2 TTP/NDM 方案........................................101
4.5.3 ONF 心目中的理想方案......................104
4.5.4 芯片厂商的折中方案.................................109
4.6 OpenFlow 非技术面的阻力...................111
4.7 Hybrid 交换机.............................................113
第5 章 网络虚拟化和SDN...................................115
5.1 什么是虚拟化.............................................115
5.2 服务器虚拟化................................................116
5.3 网络虚拟化.....................................................118
5.3.1 什么是网络虚拟化..................................118
5.3.2 网络虚拟化的价值..............................121
5.3.3 网络虚拟化的战争................................122
5.3.4 网络虚拟化中的三种Tunnel 技术比较.................123
5.3.5 网络虚拟化的三种组网方案.....................126
5.4 云计算跟网络虚拟化的结合.........................128
5.5 SDN 在网络虚拟化和云计算中的作用...................129
第6 章 各公司的SDN 战略及解决方案....................130
6.1 元老派厂商........................................130
6.1.1 Arista....................................................130
6.1.2 Brocade ......................................131
6.1.3 Citrix .........................................132
6.1.4 Cisco ........................................133
6.1.5 Dell ...............................................134
6.1.6 Ericsson..............................................136
6.1.7 Extreme.........................................136
6.1.8 HP(H3C).................................................137
6.1.9 HuaWei ............................................................138
6.1.10 IBM........................................................140
6.1.11 Juniper................................................141
6.1.12 NEC .............................................................143
6.1.13 Radware .................................................144
6.1.14 RedHat ......................................................145
6.1.15 VMware ....................................................145
6.2 新生代厂商......................................................146
6.2.1 Big Switch..............................................146
6.2.2 Centec .......................................................148
6.2.3 ConteXtream............................................150
6.2.4 Cumulus.....................................................151
6.2.5 Embrane......................................................153
6.2.6 Midokura..................................................154
6.2.7 Nicira ........................................................155
6.2.8 NoviFlow...................................................156
6.2.9 Nuage.......................................................157
6.2.10 Pica8 ...................................................158
6.2.11 Plexxi ...................................................160
6.2.12 PlumGrid..................................................161
6.2.13 Vello Systems.........................................162
6.3 互联网/云服务公司................................164
6.3.1 Google...........................................................164
6.3.2 Facebook..........................................................164
6.3.3 Amazon.........................................................165
6.3.4 MicroSoft .................................................165
6.3.5 百度/阿里/腾讯........................................166
6.4 跟SDN 相关的收购.....................................167
6.4.1 Intel 收购Fulcrum Microsystems..................167
6.4.2 VMware 收购Nicira ................................168
6.4.3 Oracle 收购Xsigo System...............................168
6.4.4 Cisco 收购vCider..................................169
6.4.5 Brocade 收购Vyatta ...................................170
6.4.6 Juniper 收购Contrail.................................170
6.4.7 F5 收购LineRate....................................171
6.4.8 Cisco 收购Insieme..................................172
第7 章 SDN 真实应用案例分析.......................173
7.1 用SDN 改造Google WAN 网络......................173
7.1.1 背景介绍..............................................174
7.1.2 具体实现.................................................176
7.1.3 B4 网络改造项目总结................................179
7.2 ADVA 基于SDN 的虚拟光传输网络...............181
7.3 SDN 跟网络虚拟化的完美结合................184
7.4 用SDN 设备做安全分析和负载均衡.................187
7.5 运营商基于SDN 的SuperPTN...................189
7.6 Hybrid 交换机促进传统网络跟SDN 的融合...........194
7.7 SDN 在无线接入领域的应用................195
第8 章 SDN 对行业的影响和发展趋势...............198
8.1 SDN 对网络产业的影响...................198
8.2 产业链利益分析.......................................201
8.2.1 大型设备商.......................................202
8.2.2 中小设备商和创业型设备商.................202
8.2.3 软件提供商(包括个人)...................203
8.2.4 大中型芯片厂商..................................203
8.2.5 小芯片商和新兴芯片厂商.................203
8.2.6 设备用户................................................204
8.3 SDN 未来发展方向分析........................205
8.3.1 SDN 必将兴起,但不会一统江湖.............205
8.3.2 南向接口会开放化,但不会标准化...........206
8.3.3 北向接口将百花齐放,特定场景可能标准化.............206
8.3.4 OpenFlow 不会消亡,但仅是SDN 的一部分...........207
8.3.5 大型设备商仍会有优势,但是影响力弱化..............207
8.3.6 没有一个Controller 可以一统天下..................208
8.3.7 转发面会有OpenFlow 优化,但是不会有纯OpenFlow ASIC 芯片... 209
8.3.8 白牌设备将大发展...................................209
8.3.9 厂商锁定问题只会缓解,无法根除..................210
8.3.10 开源趋势势不可挡............................210
8.4 总结.......................................211
8.5 SDN is dead, Long live SDN! ........................212
附录A 跟SDN 相关的网站................ 213
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