Debt - Updated and Expanded 在线电子书 图书标签: David_Graeber 金融史 经济学 科普 社會學 历史 美國 社科
发表于2024-10-01
Debt - Updated and Expanded 在线电子书 pdf 下载 txt下载 epub 下载 mobi 下载 2024
DAVID GRAEBER teaches anthropology at Goldsmiths College, University of London. He is the author of Towards an Anthropological Theory of Value, Lost People, and Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion, and Desire. He has written for Harper’s, The Nation, Mute, and The New Left Review.
Every economics textbook says the same thing: Money was invented to replace onerous and complicated barter systems—to relieve ancient people from having to haul their goods to market. The problem with this version of history? There’s not a shred of evidence to support it.
Here anthropologist David Graeber presents a stunning reversal of conventional wisdom. He shows that 5,000 years ago, during the beginning of the agrarian empires, humans have used elaborate credit systems. It is in this era, Graeber shows, that we also first encounter a society divided into debtors and creditors.
With the passage of time, however, virtual credit money was replaced by gold and silver coins—and the system as a whole began to decline. Interest rates spiked and the indebted became slaves. And the system perpetuated itself with tremendously violent consequences, with only the rare intervention of kings and churches keeping the system from spiraling out of control. Debt: The First 5,000 Years is a fascinating chronicle of this little known history—as well as how it has defined human history, and what it means for the credit crisis of the present day and the future of our economy.
我們在天上的父: 願人都尊祢的名為聖。 願祢的國降臨; 願祢的旨意行在地上, 如同行在天上。 我們日用的飲食,今日賜給我們。 免我們的債,如同我們免了人的債。 不叫我們遇見試探;救我們脫離兇惡。 因為國度、權柄、榮耀,全是祢的,直到...
评分- 记录债务的信用体系发生在货币以前,货币是为方便转移债务而发明。以物换物只发生在陌生人之间。 - 金银是战争的同谋,而不是和平的附属。 - 按照虚拟货币和金属货币的交易为依据,把欧亚史分为第一农耕帝国时代(前3500-前800,庙宇里的贵金属是国家系统的基石,陶片记债法...
评分作者认为,货币不是为了取代物物交换而出现,因此,传统关于货币起源的理论是错误的。然而要点在于,货币起源主要涉及直接交换与间接交换之间的区别,而非物物交换与信用体系的对立。馈赠和进贡也是一种直接交换,而物物交换也可以是一种间接交换。格雷伯在这个基本问题和逻辑...
Debt - Updated and Expanded 在线电子书 pdf 下载 txt下载 epub 下载 mobi 下载 2024