Endorsement From Philip V. Cannistraro Distinguished Professor of Italian American Studies City University of New York: In a thoroughly documented and skillfully crafted portrait, Killinger not only examines the major themes of Salvemini's life in their historical context, but reveals a wealth of information derived from archives in both Italy and the United States. In doing so, he traces the forces responsible for shaping this complex personality--intrepid and charismatic, but perplexing--and the successes and failures of the political campaigns in which he engaged. What emerges is a very human story, a life filled with tragedy, conflict, and disappointment, but with success that the author believes to have exerted important influences on post-Fascist Italy. An outstanding scholar and political figure, Gaetano Salvemini had a reputation as one of the most courageous figures of his age. As a member of the Italian Socialist Party he championed social and political reform as a party activist, political commentator, and public officeholder. He fought for universal suffrage (including for women); in World War One he stood for his own version of a Wilsonian peace; and he is counted among the earliest and most effective opponents of Fascism. It was said that the Fascists were anti-Salvemini before he became anti-Fascist, and their efforts to silence him made his name synonymous with early Italian resistance to the new regime. A prominent exile in the United States, he resumed his scholarly work at Harvard through the help of friends and supporters. But never one to separate scholarship from political activity, he also continued to actively organize resistance to Mussolini, assisted others in escaping Italy, and played an important role in galvanizing both elite and public opinion in America against the Fascist regime. This groundbreaking biography is based on previously untapped archival resources.