Acknowledgments
Introduction
The Measurement of Utility and Arrow’s Theorem
The Measurability and Comparability of Utility
The Arrow Impossibility Theorem
Reformulation of the Impossibility Theorem with Utility Functions
The Connection between Arrovian Social Choice and Distributive Justice
Social Choice on Economic Environments
Conclusion
Axiomatic Bargaining Theory
Justice as Rational Prudence
The Nash Bargaining Solution
Other Axiomatizations of the Nash Solution
The Kalai-Smorodinsky and Egalitarian Solutions
A Criticism from the Economic Point of View
Conclusion
Axiomatic Mechanism Theory on Economic Environments
Introduction
The Domain of Economic Environments
Axioms and Theorems on Economic Environments
Proofs of Theorems
Naming Utility and Goods
Conclusion
Utilitarianism
Introduction
Maskin’s Theorem
The Representation Theorems of Harsanyi and Myerson
Utilitarianism from behind the Veil of Ignorance
An Implication for the Interpretation of Individual Optimization under Uncertainty
Optimal Population Size
Conclusion
Primary Goods, Fundamental Preferences, and Functionings
Countering Utilitarianism
Primary Goods, Welfare, and Equality
Rawls’s Arguments for Maximin (the Difference Principle)
The Cohen Criticism
Kolm’s Fundamental Preferences
Functionings and Capability
Equality of Functionings or Primary Goods: An Alternative Approach
Conclusion
Neo-Lockeanism and Self-Ownership
Nozick’s Theory of Distributive Justice
Challenges to Nozick
Joint Ownership of the External World
Generalizations of Locke on Economic Environments
Implementation
The Morality of Self-Ownership
Conclusion
Equality of Welfare versus Equality of Resources
Introduction
Dworkin on Equality of Welfare
Countering Dworkin’s Central Argument against Equality of Welfare
Dworkin’s Definition of Equality of Resources
An Axiomatic Approach to Equality of Resources
Conclusion
Equality of Opportunity for Welfare
Relocating Dworkin’s Cut, 1
Relocating Dworkin’s Cut, 2
Equality of Opportunity: An Example
Equality of Opportunity: A Formalization
A Discrete Formulation of Equality of Opportunity
Examples of the EOp Mechanism
Related Approaches to Equality of Opportunity
Conclusion
Appendix
Appendix: Envy-Free Allocations
References
Index
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