Howard Gardner Under Fire pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025

Howard Gardner is most celebrated for his conception and development of the theory of Multiple Intelligences, which has revolutionized educational thinking. Gardner has also made outstanding original contributions to the study of leadership, creativity, child development, and humanly-fulfilling work. Prior to Gardner's Frames of Mind (1983), there was little sustained theoretical opposition to the reigning paradigm of IQ, in which it is supposed that intelligence is a single concept known as 'g', exhibiting itself in scholastic attainment and detectable by a narrow range of puzzle-solving tests. Gardner transformed the discussion of intelligence and education by making a powerful case that there are several forms of intelligence, some of which express themselves in activities not traditionally considered academic. In Creating Minds (1993), Gardner provoked a Gestalt switch in public understanding of creative genius, by analyzing the lives and achievements of seven diverse personalities from Einstein to Picasso, each of whom founded a new "system of meaning." With Project Zero, Gardner directed research into children's artistic development, yielding many controversial conclusions and providing new ideas for educators. Gardner's GoodWork Project is a broad empirical investigation of the experiences of professional workers in a range of occupations, seeking the conditions most conducive to work which is "good" both ethically and technically. His Changing Minds (2004) applied findings from cognitive psychology to explain how people's deep-rooted convictions can be changed. All these and other topics are explored in this volume, by way of a debate between Gardner and his critics.