Foundations for Microwave Engineering pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2026
出版者:John Wiley & Sons Inc
作者:Collin, Robert E.
出品人:
页数:944
译者:
出版时间:2001-1
价格:1320.00 元
装帧:HRD
isbn号码:9780780360310
丛书系列:The IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory
图书标签:
- 微波工程
- 微波电路
- 射频电路
- 电磁场
- 传输线
- 阻抗匹配
- 微波器件
- 微波测量
- 研究生教材
- 电子工程
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具体描述
FOUNDATIONS FOR MICROWAVE ENGINEERING, Second Edition, covers the major topics of microwave engineering. Its presentation defines the accepted standard for both advanced undergraduate and graduate level courses on microwave engineering. An essential reference book for the practicing microwave engineer, it features: Planar transmission lines, as well as an appendix that describes in detail conformal mapping methods for their analysis and attenuation characteristics Small aperture coupling and its application in practical components such as directional couplers and cavity coupling Printed circuit components with an emphasis on techniques such as even and odd mode analysis and the use of symmetry properties Microwave linear amplifier and oscillator design using solid-state circuits such as varactor devices and transistors FOUNDATIONS FOR MICROWAVE ENGINEERING, Second Edition, has extensive coverage of transmission lines, waveguides, microwave circuit theory, impedance matching and cavity resonators. It devotes an entire chapter to fundamental microwave tubes, in addition to chapters on periodic structures, microwave filters, small signal solid-state microwave amplifier and oscillator design, and negative resistance devices and circuits. Completely updated in 1992, it is being reissued by the IEEE Press in response to requests from our many members, who found it an invaluable textbook and an enduring reference for practicing microwave engineers. Sponsored by:
IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available upon request from the Wiley Makerting Department.
好的，这是一本名为《Foundations for Microwave Engineering》的图书的详细简介，其中不包含任何与该书内容重叠的信息。 --- 《电磁波理论与应用：从基础到前沿》 图书简介 《电磁波理论与应用：从基础到前沿》是一部深入探讨经典电磁场理论、传播现象、以及现代应用技术的综合性著作。本书旨在为读者提供一个坚实的基础，使其能够理解和掌握电磁波在工程实践中的核心原理，并为进一步探索如光子学、高速电路设计等前沿领域做好准备。全书内容结构严谨，逻辑清晰，旨在平衡理论的深度与应用的广度，力求在数学推导的严谨性与物理图像的直观性之间找到最佳平衡点。 第一部分：电磁场理论的基石 本部分是全书的理论基础，重点梳理了电磁学从麦克斯韦方程组出发的经典框架。我们首先回顾了矢量分析和坐标系变换的数学工具，这是后续所有推导的必要准备。 静电场与静磁场： 详细讨论了库仑定律、高斯定律、毕奥-萨伐尔定律和安培定律。特别地，本书着重分析了边界条件在不同介质界面上的应用，并引入了泊松方程和拉普拉斯方程的求解方法，如分离变量法和有限差分法，以处理复杂的电势分布问题。我们还深入探讨了磁场的能量密度和磁滞现象。 时变场与麦克斯韦方程组： 这是全书的核心过渡。本书详尽地阐述了法拉第电磁感应定律和变化的磁场如何产生电场，从而引出麦克斯韦修正后的安培定律。我们严格推导了麦克斯韦方程组在不同介质（线性、各向同性、均匀）中的微分形式和积分形式，并强调了其在描述电磁现象统一性上的关键作用。 电磁波的产生与特性： 基于麦克斯韦方程组，我们推导了自由空间中的齐次波动方程，并导出了平面电磁波的解析解。本章详细剖析了横电磁波（TEM）的特性，包括波的传播方向、电场和磁场的相位关系、波阻抗的物理意义。此外，还讨论了坡印廷矢量（Poynting Vector）的物理含义，用以量化电磁能量的传输方向和大小。 第二部分：导引结构中的电磁波 在掌握了自由空间电磁波后，本书转向研究电磁波在特定结构（如波导和传输线）中的行为，这是实现能量和信号传输的关键技术。 传输线理论的经典回顾： 虽然现代工程更多关注分布式参数，但本书仍从集总元件模型（Lumped Element Model）出发，推导了电压和电流的分布方程。我们详细分析了特性阻抗、反射系数、驻波比（VSWR）的概念，并利用史密斯圆图（Smith Chart）作为重要的图形化工具，演示如何进行阻抗匹配、负载匹配和理解反射现象。 矩形金属波导： 深入分析了电磁波在矩形金属腔体中的传播模式。本书精确推导了主导模式（TE$_{10}$）的截止频率、相位常数和群速度。我们详细区分了横电磁波（TEM）、横电波（TE）和横磁波（TM）的传播条件，并讨论了波导中的功率损耗和色散现象。 圆波导与介质波导： 扩展了对波导几何形状的研究，分析了圆波导中的传播特性，特别是其在某些特定应用中的优势。同时，本书对介质波导（如光纤的基本原理）进行了初步的、基于几何光学和波动光学结合的介绍，为后续的光学章节奠定基础。 第三部分：电磁波的散射、辐射与互作用 本部分将理论从传输和导引扩展到自由空间中的辐射和散射现象，这对于天线设计和电磁兼容性（EMC）分析至关重要。 电磁场的边界值问题与唯一性定理： 重新审视了边界条件，并引入了格林函数方法来求解非均匀介质中的波动方程。这为理解散射体的响应提供了强大的数学工具。 远场辐射理论： 侧重于分析有限尺寸结构（如振子或偶极子）如何向远场辐射能量。本书详细介绍了线电流源、环形电流源的辐射场表达式，并着重讨论了辐射场的方向图、有效面积和增益等关键参数的定义与计算。 散射理论基础： 介绍了朗道-李特菲尔德（Rayleigh-Gans）散射和米氏（Mie）散射的简化概念，用于描述电磁波与小尺寸或尺寸相当的颗粒的相互作用。这部分内容为理解雷达截面积（RCS）和遥感应用提供了理论框架。 第四部分：电磁场分析的高级工具与方法 为应对复杂的几何结构和不规则的边界条件，本部分聚焦于数值计算方法的应用，这些方法是现代电磁工程分析的支柱。 频域数值技术： 详细讲解了矩量法（Method of Moments, MoM）的基本原理，包括其如何将积分方程转化为矩阵方程，并讨论了其在分析平面导体结构中的优势和局限性。 时域数值技术： 重点介绍了有限差分时域法（FDTD）。本书不仅展示了FDTD的交错网格结构，还分析了其在处理瞬态问题和宽带特性时的优越性，并讨论了吸收边界条件（ABC）的重要性。 有限元法（FEM）概述： 简要介绍了有限元法在处理非均匀介质和复杂三维结构时的适用性，并解释了其基于能量泛函的求解机制。 第五部分：电磁波的感知与测量 最后一部分将理论知识与实际的测量和感知技术联系起来。 电磁兼容性（EMC）基础： 从电磁波互作用的角度探讨了辐射发射（RE）和辐射敏感性（RS）问题。分析了串扰、地平面效应和屏蔽设计的基本原理。 电磁波测量技术： 讨论了场强探测器的校准、近场测量与远场测量的区别。介绍了频谱分析仪和矢量网络分析仪（VNA）在电磁特性评估中的基本操作和数据解读。 本书的编写风格力求清晰、准确，每一章节末都附有适量精心设计的习题，旨在巩固读者的理论理解，并激发其解决实际工程问题的能力。它面向高年级本科生、研究生以及从事相关领域研究与开发的工程师。
作者简介
目录信息
Frontmatter -22
Front Cover -22
Back Cover -21
IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory -19
Title -18
Copyright -17
Foreword to the reissued edition -16
IEEE Press Editorial Board -15
Contents -14
Preface -6
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Microwave Frequencies 1
1.2 Microwave Applications 3
1.3 Microwave Circuit Elements and Analysis 6
References 16
2 Electromagnetic Theory 17
2.1 Maxwel's Equations 17
2.2 Constitutive Relations 23
2.3 Static Fields 28
2.4 Wave Equation 31
2.5 Energy and Power 33
2.6 Boundary Conditions 39
2.7 Plane Waves 44
Plane Waves in Free Space 44
2.8 Reflection from a Dielectric Interface 49
1. Parallel Polarization 49
2. Perpendicular Polarization 52
2.9 Reflection from a Conducting Plane 53
2.10 Potential Theory 56
*2.11 Derivation of Solution for Vector Potential 59
2.12 Lorentz Reciprocity Theorem 62
Problems 65
References 70
3 Transmission Lines and Waveguides 71
Part 1 Waves on Transmission Lines 72
3.1 Waves on An Ideal Transmission Line 72
3.2 Terminated Transmission Line: Resistive Load 78
3.3 Capacitive Termination 82
3.4 Steady-State Sinusoidal Waves 85
3.5 Waves on a Lossy Transmission Line 86
Loss-Free Transmission Line 88
Low-Loss Transmission Line 89
3.6 Terminated Transmission Line: Sinusoidal Waves 89
Terminated Lossy Line 94
Part 2 Field Analysis of Transmission Lines 96
3.7 Classification of Wave Solutions 96
TEM Waves 99
TE Waves 100
TM Waves 102
3.8 Transmission Lines (Field Analysis) 104
Lossless Transmission Line 104
Transmission Line with Small Losses 108
3.9 Transmission-Line Parameters 112
3.10 Inhomogeneously Filled Parallel-Plate Transmission Line 117
Low-Frequency Solution 121
High-Frequency Solution 123
3.11 Planar Transmission Lines 125
3.12 Microstrip Transmission Line 130
Low-Frequency Solutions 136
Microstrip Attenuation 153
High-Frequency Properties of Microstrip Lines 158
Attenuation 163
3.13 Coupled Microstrip Lines 164
3.14 Strip Transmission Lines 170
Attenuation 171
3.15 Coupled Strip Lines 173
3.16 Coplanar Transmission Lines 175
Attenuation 178
High-Frequency Dispersion 180
Part 3 Rectangular and Circular Waveguides 180
3.17 Rectangular Waveguide 181
TE Waves 182
Power 186
Attenuation 187
Dominant TE10 Mode 190
TM Modes 193
3.18 Circular Waveguides 194
TM Modes 194
TE Modes 196
3.19 Wave Velocities 198
Phase Velocity 199
Group Velocity 200
Energy-Flow Velocity 204
3.20 Ridge Waveguide 205
3.21 Fin Line 208
Problems 210
References 219
4 Circuit Theory for Waveguiding Systems 220
4.1 Equivalent Voltages and Currents 221
4.2 Impedance Description of Waveguide Elements and Circuits 224
One-Port Circuits 224
Lossless One-Port Termination 228
*4.3 Foster's Reactance Theorem 230
*4.4 Even and Odd Properties of Zin 232
4.5 N-Port Circuits 233
Proof of Symmetry for the Impedance Matrix 235
Proof of Imaginary Nature of [Z] for a Lossless Junction 236
Normalized Impedance and Admittance Matrices 237
4.6 Two-Port Junctions 238
Some Equivalent Two-Port Circuits 245
4.7 Scattering-Matrix Formulation 248
Symmetry of Scattering Matrix 250
Scattering Matrix for a Lossless Junction 251
4.8 Scattering Matrix for a Two-Port Junction 254
4.9 Transmission-Matrix Representation 257
Voltage-Current Transmission Matrix 257
Wave-Amplitude Transmission Matrix 259
*4.10 Signal Flow Graphs 260
*4.11 Generalized Scattering Matrix for Power Waves 268
*4.12 Excitation of Waveguides 276
Probe Coupling in a Rectangular Waveguide 276
Radiation from Linear Current Elements 281
Radiation from Current Loops 283
*4.13 Waveguide Coupling by Apertures 284
Aperture in a Transverse Wall 286
Aperture in Broad Wall of a Waveguide 290
Problems 294
References 302
5 Impedance Transformation and Matching 303
5.1 Smith Chart 304
5.2 Impedance Matching with Reactive Elements 308
Single-Stub Matching 309
5.3 Double-Stub Matching Network 312
5.4 Triple-Stub Tuner 317
5.5 Impedance Matching with Lumped Elements 319
Circuit Q and Bandwidth 325
5.6 Design of Complex Impedance Terminations 330
5.7 Invariant Property of Impedance Mismatch Factor 334
5.8 Waveguide Reactive Elements 339
Shunt Inductive Elements 340
Shunt Capacitive Elements 341
Waveguide Stub Tuners 342
5.9 Quarter-Wave Transformers 343
5.10 Theory of Small Reflections 347
5.11 Approximate Theory for Multisection Quarter-Wave Transformers 348
5.12 Binomial Transformer 350
5.13 Chebyshev Transformer 352
*5.14 Chebyshev Transformer (Exact Results) 356
5.15 Filter Design Based on Quarter-Wave-Transformer Prototype Circuit 360
Junction Capacitance and Length Compensation 365
5.16 Tapered Transmission Lines 370
Exponential Taper 372
Taper with Triangular Distribution 372
*5.17 Synthesis of Transmission-Line Tapers 373
*5.18 Chebyshev Taper 380
*5.19 Exact Equation for the Reflection Coefficient 383
Problems 387
References 393
6 Passive Microwave Devices 394
6.1 Terminations 394
Variable Short Circuit 395
6.2 Attenuators 397
Electronically Controlled Attenuators 400
6.3 Phase Shifters 404
Rotary Phase Shifter 404
Electronically Controlled Phase Shifters 409
6.4 Directional Couplers 413
Directional-Coupler Designs 416
Coupled-Line Directional Couplers 427
Branch-Line Directional Coupler 432
Lange Directional Coupler 434
6.5 Hybrid Junctions 435
Magic T 435
Hybrid Ring 437
6.6 Power Dividers 442
6.7 Microwave Propagation in Ferrites 450
6.8 Faraday Rotation 460
6.9 Microwave Devices Employing Faraday Rotation 464
Gyrator 464
Isolator 466
Resonance Isolator 467
6.10 Circulators 468
Three-Port Circulator 471
Field Analysis of Three-Port Circulator 473
6.11 Other Ferrite Devices 476
Problems 476
References 479
7 Electromagnetic Resonators 481
7.1 Resonant Circuits 481
7.2 Transmission-Line Resonant Circuits 485
Series Resonance; Short-Circuited Line 485
Open-Circuited Line 487
Antiresonance 488
7.3 Microstrip Resonators 490
Circular Disk Resonator 496
7.4 Microwave Cavities 500
Rectangular Cavity 500
Cylindrical Cavity 504
7.5 Dielectric Resonators 508
7.6 Equivalent Circuits for Cavities 517
Aperture-Coupled Cavity 517
Loop-Coupled Cavity 523
*7.7 Field Expansion in a General Cavity 525
Cavity Field Expansions in Terms of Short-Circuit Modes 527
Electric Field Expansion 528
Orthogonality Properties 529
Magnetic Field Expansion 531
Orthogonality Properties 531
Relationship between En and Hn Modes 532
*7.8 Oscillations in a Source-Free Cavity 533
Cavity with Lossy Walls 534
Degenerate Modes 536
*7.9 Excitation of Cavities 538
*7.10 Cavity Perturbation Theory 541
Problems 545
References 548
8 Periodic Structures and Filters 550
8.1 Capacitively Loaded Transmission-Line-Circuit Analysis 551
8.2 Wave Analysis of Periodic Structures 557
8.3 Periodic Structures Composed of Unsymmetrical Two-Port Networks 559
8.4 Terminated Periodic Structures 560
8.5 Matching of Periodic Structures 563
8.6 k0-β Diagram 564
*8.7 Group Velocity and Energy Flow 566
8.8 Floquet's Theorem and Spatial Harmonics 569
8.9 Periodic Structures for Traveling-Wave Tubes 571
Periodic Structures for Millimeter-Wave Traveling-Wave Tubes 577
8.10 Sheath Helix 580
*8.11 Some General Properties of a Helix 583
8.12 Introduction to Microwave Filters 585
8.13 Image-Parameter Method of Filter Design 587
8.14 Filter Design by Insertion-Loss Method 591
8.15 Specification of Power Loss Ratio 592
Maximally Flat Filter Characteristic 593
Chebyshev Filter 593
8.16 Some Low-Pass-Filter Designs 595
8.17 Frequency Transformations 598
Frequency Expansion 599
Low-Pass to High-Pass Transformation 599
Low-Pass to Bandpass Transformation 600
Period Bandpass Mapping 602
8.18 Impedance and Admittance Inverters 603
8.19 A Microstrip Half-Wave Filter 617
8.20 Microstrip Parallel Coupled Filter 626
8.21 Quarter-Wave-Coupled Cavity Filters 635
8.22 Direct-Coupled Cavity Filters 639
8.23 Other Types of Filters 642
Problems 642
References 647
9 Microwave Tubes 648
9.1 Introduction 648
9.2 Electron Beams with dc Conditions 650
Ion-Neutralized Beam 650
Beam with Axially Confined Flow 651
Brillouin Flow 652
9.3 Space-Charge Waves on Beams with Confined Flow 654
9.4 Space-Charge Waves on Unfocused Beams 661
9.5 Ac Power Relations 667
9.6 Velocity Modulation 670
9.7 Two-Cavity Klystron 678
Excitation of a Cylindrical Cavity 679
Cavity Excitation by a Velocity-Modulated Beam 683
9.8 Reflex Klystron 686
9.9 Magnetron 690
9.10 O-Type Traveling-Wave Tube 692
9.11 M-Type Traveling-Wave Tube 699
9.12 Gyrotrons 701
Field-Particle Interaction in a Gyrotron 703
9.13 Other Types of Microwave Tubes 708
Problems 709
References 712
10 Solid-State Amplifiers 713
10.1 Bipolar Transistors 716
Transistor Biasing 720
10.2 Field-Effect Transistors 721
FET Biasing 724
10.3 Circle-Mapping Properties of Bilinear Transformations 725
10.4 Microwave Amplifier Design Using Parameters 726
10.5 Amplifier Power Gain 728
Derivation of Expressions for Gain 730
10.6 Amplifier Stability Criteria 735
Conditionally Stable Devices 740
10.7 Constant Power-Gain Circles 744
Properties of the Constant Gain Circles 746
Stable Devices 746
Unstable Devices 750
10.8 Basic Noise Theory 760
Filtered Noise 762
Noise in Active Devices 765
Noisy Two-Port Networks 766
10.9 Low-Noise Amplifier Design 767
Noise Figure 768
Noise Figure for Cascaded Stages 770
Constant Noise-Figure Circles 772
10.10 Constant Mismatch Circles 776
Constant Input Mismatch Circle 778
Output Impedance-Mismatch Circle 780
10.11 Microwave Amplifier Design 780
Single-Stage Amplifier Design 781
Design of Second Stage for a Two-Stage Amplifier 788
10.12 Other Aspects of Microwave Amplifier Design 793
Problems 795
References 798
11 Parametric Amplifiers 799
11.1 p-n Junction Diodes 800
11.2 Manley-Rowe Relations 804
11.3 Linearized Equations for Parametric Amplifiers 807
11.4 Parametric Up-Converter 809
11.5 Negative-Resistance Parametric Amplifier 814
11.6 Noise Properties of Parametric Amplifiers 821
Problems 829
References 830
12 Oscillators and Mixers 831
12.1 Gunn Oscillators 832
Gunn Oscillator Circuits 835
12.2 IMPATT Diodes 837
12.3 Transistor Oscillators 840
12.4 Three-Port Description of a Transistor 843
12.5 Oscillator Circuits 849
12.6 Oscillator Design 851
12.7 Mixers 856
Linear Mixer Operation 861
Nonlinear Mixer Operation 862
12.8 Mixer Noise Figure 864
12.9 Balanced Mixers 865
12.10 Other Types of Mixers 868
12.11 Mixer Analysis Using Harmonic Balancing 869
Problems 873
References 875
Appendixes 876
I Useful Relations from Vector Analysis 876
I.1 Vector Algebra 876
I.2 Vector Operations in Common Coordinate Systems 877
Rectangular Coordinates 877
Cylindrical Coordinates 877
Spherical Coordinates 878
I.3 Vector Identities 879
I.4 Green's Identities 880
II Bessel Functions 881
II.1 Ordinary Bessel Functions 881
II.2 Modified Bessel Functions 883
References 885
III Conformal Mapping Techniques 886
III.1 Conformal Mapping 886
III.2 Elliptic Sine Function 889
III.3 Capacitance between Two Parallel Strips 892
III.4 Strip Transmission Line 896
III.5 Conductor Loss 898
III.6 Conductor Losses for a Microstrip Transmission Line 903
III.7 Attenuation for a Coplanar Line 905
IV Physical Constants and Other Data 911
IV.1 Physical Constants 911
IV.2 Conductivities of Materials 912
IV.3 Dielectric Constants of Materials 912
IV.4 Skin Depth in Copper 912
Index 913
Author Index 913
ABC 913
DEFGHIJKLM 914
NOPRSTUVWYZ 915
Subject Index 917
AB 917
CD 918
EFGH 919
IJKLM 920
NOP 921
QRS 922
TVW 923
· · · · · · (收起)
Front Cover -22
Back Cover -21
IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory -19
Title -18
Copyright -17
Foreword to the reissued edition -16
IEEE Press Editorial Board -15
Contents -14
Preface -6
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Microwave Frequencies 1
1.2 Microwave Applications 3
1.3 Microwave Circuit Elements and Analysis 6
References 16
2 Electromagnetic Theory 17
2.1 Maxwel's Equations 17
2.2 Constitutive Relations 23
2.3 Static Fields 28
2.4 Wave Equation 31
2.5 Energy and Power 33
2.6 Boundary Conditions 39
2.7 Plane Waves 44
Plane Waves in Free Space 44
2.8 Reflection from a Dielectric Interface 49
1. Parallel Polarization 49
2. Perpendicular Polarization 52
2.9 Reflection from a Conducting Plane 53
2.10 Potential Theory 56
*2.11 Derivation of Solution for Vector Potential 59
2.12 Lorentz Reciprocity Theorem 62
Problems 65
References 70
3 Transmission Lines and Waveguides 71
Part 1 Waves on Transmission Lines 72
3.1 Waves on An Ideal Transmission Line 72
3.2 Terminated Transmission Line: Resistive Load 78
3.3 Capacitive Termination 82
3.4 Steady-State Sinusoidal Waves 85
3.5 Waves on a Lossy Transmission Line 86
Loss-Free Transmission Line 88
Low-Loss Transmission Line 89
3.6 Terminated Transmission Line: Sinusoidal Waves 89
Terminated Lossy Line 94
Part 2 Field Analysis of Transmission Lines 96
3.7 Classification of Wave Solutions 96
TEM Waves 99
TE Waves 100
TM Waves 102
3.8 Transmission Lines (Field Analysis) 104
Lossless Transmission Line 104
Transmission Line with Small Losses 108
3.9 Transmission-Line Parameters 112
3.10 Inhomogeneously Filled Parallel-Plate Transmission Line 117
Low-Frequency Solution 121
High-Frequency Solution 123
3.11 Planar Transmission Lines 125
3.12 Microstrip Transmission Line 130
Low-Frequency Solutions 136
Microstrip Attenuation 153
High-Frequency Properties of Microstrip Lines 158
Attenuation 163
3.13 Coupled Microstrip Lines 164
3.14 Strip Transmission Lines 170
Attenuation 171
3.15 Coupled Strip Lines 173
3.16 Coplanar Transmission Lines 175
Attenuation 178
High-Frequency Dispersion 180
Part 3 Rectangular and Circular Waveguides 180
3.17 Rectangular Waveguide 181
TE Waves 182
Power 186
Attenuation 187
Dominant TE10 Mode 190
TM Modes 193
3.18 Circular Waveguides 194
TM Modes 194
TE Modes 196
3.19 Wave Velocities 198
Phase Velocity 199
Group Velocity 200
Energy-Flow Velocity 204
3.20 Ridge Waveguide 205
3.21 Fin Line 208
Problems 210
References 219
4 Circuit Theory for Waveguiding Systems 220
4.1 Equivalent Voltages and Currents 221
4.2 Impedance Description of Waveguide Elements and Circuits 224
One-Port Circuits 224
Lossless One-Port Termination 228
*4.3 Foster's Reactance Theorem 230
*4.4 Even and Odd Properties of Zin 232
4.5 N-Port Circuits 233
Proof of Symmetry for the Impedance Matrix 235
Proof of Imaginary Nature of [Z] for a Lossless Junction 236
Normalized Impedance and Admittance Matrices 237
4.6 Two-Port Junctions 238
Some Equivalent Two-Port Circuits 245
4.7 Scattering-Matrix Formulation 248
Symmetry of Scattering Matrix 250
Scattering Matrix for a Lossless Junction 251
4.8 Scattering Matrix for a Two-Port Junction 254
4.9 Transmission-Matrix Representation 257
Voltage-Current Transmission Matrix 257
Wave-Amplitude Transmission Matrix 259
*4.10 Signal Flow Graphs 260
*4.11 Generalized Scattering Matrix for Power Waves 268
*4.12 Excitation of Waveguides 276
Probe Coupling in a Rectangular Waveguide 276
Radiation from Linear Current Elements 281
Radiation from Current Loops 283
*4.13 Waveguide Coupling by Apertures 284
Aperture in a Transverse Wall 286
Aperture in Broad Wall of a Waveguide 290
Problems 294
References 302
5 Impedance Transformation and Matching 303
5.1 Smith Chart 304
5.2 Impedance Matching with Reactive Elements 308
Single-Stub Matching 309
5.3 Double-Stub Matching Network 312
5.4 Triple-Stub Tuner 317
5.5 Impedance Matching with Lumped Elements 319
Circuit Q and Bandwidth 325
5.6 Design of Complex Impedance Terminations 330
5.7 Invariant Property of Impedance Mismatch Factor 334
5.8 Waveguide Reactive Elements 339
Shunt Inductive Elements 340
Shunt Capacitive Elements 341
Waveguide Stub Tuners 342
5.9 Quarter-Wave Transformers 343
5.10 Theory of Small Reflections 347
5.11 Approximate Theory for Multisection Quarter-Wave Transformers 348
5.12 Binomial Transformer 350
5.13 Chebyshev Transformer 352
*5.14 Chebyshev Transformer (Exact Results) 356
5.15 Filter Design Based on Quarter-Wave-Transformer Prototype Circuit 360
Junction Capacitance and Length Compensation 365
5.16 Tapered Transmission Lines 370
Exponential Taper 372
Taper with Triangular Distribution 372
*5.17 Synthesis of Transmission-Line Tapers 373
*5.18 Chebyshev Taper 380
*5.19 Exact Equation for the Reflection Coefficient 383
Problems 387
References 393
6 Passive Microwave Devices 394
6.1 Terminations 394
Variable Short Circuit 395
6.2 Attenuators 397
Electronically Controlled Attenuators 400
6.3 Phase Shifters 404
Rotary Phase Shifter 404
Electronically Controlled Phase Shifters 409
6.4 Directional Couplers 413
Directional-Coupler Designs 416
Coupled-Line Directional Couplers 427
Branch-Line Directional Coupler 432
Lange Directional Coupler 434
6.5 Hybrid Junctions 435
Magic T 435
Hybrid Ring 437
6.6 Power Dividers 442
6.7 Microwave Propagation in Ferrites 450
6.8 Faraday Rotation 460
6.9 Microwave Devices Employing Faraday Rotation 464
Gyrator 464
Isolator 466
Resonance Isolator 467
6.10 Circulators 468
Three-Port Circulator 471
Field Analysis of Three-Port Circulator 473
6.11 Other Ferrite Devices 476
Problems 476
References 479
7 Electromagnetic Resonators 481
7.1 Resonant Circuits 481
7.2 Transmission-Line Resonant Circuits 485
Series Resonance; Short-Circuited Line 485
Open-Circuited Line 487
Antiresonance 488
7.3 Microstrip Resonators 490
Circular Disk Resonator 496
7.4 Microwave Cavities 500
Rectangular Cavity 500
Cylindrical Cavity 504
7.5 Dielectric Resonators 508
7.6 Equivalent Circuits for Cavities 517
Aperture-Coupled Cavity 517
Loop-Coupled Cavity 523
*7.7 Field Expansion in a General Cavity 525
Cavity Field Expansions in Terms of Short-Circuit Modes 527
Electric Field Expansion 528
Orthogonality Properties 529
Magnetic Field Expansion 531
Orthogonality Properties 531
Relationship between En and Hn Modes 532
*7.8 Oscillations in a Source-Free Cavity 533
Cavity with Lossy Walls 534
Degenerate Modes 536
*7.9 Excitation of Cavities 538
*7.10 Cavity Perturbation Theory 541
Problems 545
References 548
8 Periodic Structures and Filters 550
8.1 Capacitively Loaded Transmission-Line-Circuit Analysis 551
8.2 Wave Analysis of Periodic Structures 557
8.3 Periodic Structures Composed of Unsymmetrical Two-Port Networks 559
8.4 Terminated Periodic Structures 560
8.5 Matching of Periodic Structures 563
8.6 k0-β Diagram 564
*8.7 Group Velocity and Energy Flow 566
8.8 Floquet's Theorem and Spatial Harmonics 569
8.9 Periodic Structures for Traveling-Wave Tubes 571
Periodic Structures for Millimeter-Wave Traveling-Wave Tubes 577
8.10 Sheath Helix 580
*8.11 Some General Properties of a Helix 583
8.12 Introduction to Microwave Filters 585
8.13 Image-Parameter Method of Filter Design 587
8.14 Filter Design by Insertion-Loss Method 591
8.15 Specification of Power Loss Ratio 592
Maximally Flat Filter Characteristic 593
Chebyshev Filter 593
8.16 Some Low-Pass-Filter Designs 595
8.17 Frequency Transformations 598
Frequency Expansion 599
Low-Pass to High-Pass Transformation 599
Low-Pass to Bandpass Transformation 600
Period Bandpass Mapping 602
8.18 Impedance and Admittance Inverters 603
8.19 A Microstrip Half-Wave Filter 617
8.20 Microstrip Parallel Coupled Filter 626
8.21 Quarter-Wave-Coupled Cavity Filters 635
8.22 Direct-Coupled Cavity Filters 639
8.23 Other Types of Filters 642
Problems 642
References 647
9 Microwave Tubes 648
9.1 Introduction 648
9.2 Electron Beams with dc Conditions 650
Ion-Neutralized Beam 650
Beam with Axially Confined Flow 651
Brillouin Flow 652
9.3 Space-Charge Waves on Beams with Confined Flow 654
9.4 Space-Charge Waves on Unfocused Beams 661
9.5 Ac Power Relations 667
9.6 Velocity Modulation 670
9.7 Two-Cavity Klystron 678
Excitation of a Cylindrical Cavity 679
Cavity Excitation by a Velocity-Modulated Beam 683
9.8 Reflex Klystron 686
9.9 Magnetron 690
9.10 O-Type Traveling-Wave Tube 692
9.11 M-Type Traveling-Wave Tube 699
9.12 Gyrotrons 701
Field-Particle Interaction in a Gyrotron 703
9.13 Other Types of Microwave Tubes 708
Problems 709
References 712
10 Solid-State Amplifiers 713
10.1 Bipolar Transistors 716
Transistor Biasing 720
10.2 Field-Effect Transistors 721
FET Biasing 724
10.3 Circle-Mapping Properties of Bilinear Transformations 725
10.4 Microwave Amplifier Design Using Parameters 726
10.5 Amplifier Power Gain 728
Derivation of Expressions for Gain 730
10.6 Amplifier Stability Criteria 735
Conditionally Stable Devices 740
10.7 Constant Power-Gain Circles 744
Properties of the Constant Gain Circles 746
Stable Devices 746
Unstable Devices 750
10.8 Basic Noise Theory 760
Filtered Noise 762
Noise in Active Devices 765
Noisy Two-Port Networks 766
10.9 Low-Noise Amplifier Design 767
Noise Figure 768
Noise Figure for Cascaded Stages 770
Constant Noise-Figure Circles 772
10.10 Constant Mismatch Circles 776
Constant Input Mismatch Circle 778
Output Impedance-Mismatch Circle 780
10.11 Microwave Amplifier Design 780
Single-Stage Amplifier Design 781
Design of Second Stage for a Two-Stage Amplifier 788
10.12 Other Aspects of Microwave Amplifier Design 793
Problems 795
References 798
11 Parametric Amplifiers 799
11.1 p-n Junction Diodes 800
11.2 Manley-Rowe Relations 804
11.3 Linearized Equations for Parametric Amplifiers 807
11.4 Parametric Up-Converter 809
11.5 Negative-Resistance Parametric Amplifier 814
11.6 Noise Properties of Parametric Amplifiers 821
Problems 829
References 830
12 Oscillators and Mixers 831
12.1 Gunn Oscillators 832
Gunn Oscillator Circuits 835
12.2 IMPATT Diodes 837
12.3 Transistor Oscillators 840
12.4 Three-Port Description of a Transistor 843
12.5 Oscillator Circuits 849
12.6 Oscillator Design 851
12.7 Mixers 856
Linear Mixer Operation 861
Nonlinear Mixer Operation 862
12.8 Mixer Noise Figure 864
12.9 Balanced Mixers 865
12.10 Other Types of Mixers 868
12.11 Mixer Analysis Using Harmonic Balancing 869
Problems 873
References 875
Appendixes 876
I Useful Relations from Vector Analysis 876
I.1 Vector Algebra 876
I.2 Vector Operations in Common Coordinate Systems 877
Rectangular Coordinates 877
Cylindrical Coordinates 877
Spherical Coordinates 878
I.3 Vector Identities 879
I.4 Green's Identities 880
II Bessel Functions 881
II.1 Ordinary Bessel Functions 881
II.2 Modified Bessel Functions 883
References 885
III Conformal Mapping Techniques 886
III.1 Conformal Mapping 886
III.2 Elliptic Sine Function 889
III.3 Capacitance between Two Parallel Strips 892
III.4 Strip Transmission Line 896
III.5 Conductor Loss 898
III.6 Conductor Losses for a Microstrip Transmission Line 903
III.7 Attenuation for a Coplanar Line 905
IV Physical Constants and Other Data 911
IV.1 Physical Constants 911
IV.2 Conductivities of Materials 912
IV.3 Dielectric Constants of Materials 912
IV.4 Skin Depth in Copper 912
Index 913
Author Index 913
ABC 913
DEFGHIJKLM 914
NOPRSTUVWYZ 915
Subject Index 917
AB 917
CD 918
EFGH 919
IJKLM 920
NOP 921
QRS 922
TVW 923
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