Peter Thorsheim is an assistant professor of history at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Britain's supremacy in the nineteenth century depended in large part on its vast deposits of coal. This coal not only powered steam engines in factories, ships, and railway locomotives but also warmed homes and cooked food. As coal consumption skyrocketed, the air in Britain's cities and towns became filled with ever-greater and denser clouds of smoke. In this far-reaching study, Peter Thorsheim explains that, for much of the nineteenth century, few people in Britain even considered coal smoke to be pollution. To them, pollution meant miasma: invisible gases generated by decomposing plant and animal matter. Far from viewing coal smoke as pollution, most people considered smoke to be a valuable disinfectant, for its carbon and sulfur were thought capable of rendering miasma harmless. Inventing Pollution examines the radically new understanding of pollution that emerged in the late nineteenth century, one that centered not on organic decay but on coal combustion. This change, as Peter Thorsheim argues, gave birth to the smoke-abatement movement and to new ways of thinking about the relationships among humanity, technology, and the environment.
有这样一个说法,说英国人在一起总喜欢谈论天气,尤其是陌生人之间。这不仅仅是因为这个话题无伤大雅,既不涉及个人隐私,又可以很好地打破尴尬,同时也是因为,“天气”确实是个值得探讨的话题。“嘿,你觉得一会儿会下雨吗,先生?”“我猜不会,我没看到乌云。”“得了吧,...
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评分又到了戴着口罩出门,望天哼《天灰》的季节。 雾霾这个词还是我2013年回国之后才深刻体会的,走在路上,北京的空气闻起来像刚刚放过了炮仗一样,很呛人。一个月的时间都在流鼻血,慢慢适应了,发现人的忍耐力还真是够强啊。但总觉得有点儿不太对。看柴静2015年自费拍摄的聚焦空...
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