Shadow Side of Fieldwork pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2026

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出版者:John Wiley & Sons

作者:McLean

出品人:

页数:328

译者:

出版时间:2007-8-3

价格:GBP 83.95

装帧:Hardcover

isbn号码:9781405161305

丛书系列:

图书标签:

• Fieldwork
• Ethnography
• Qualitative Research
• Anthropology
• Sociology
• Research Ethics
• Power Dynamics
• Reflexivity
• Positionality
• Hidden Challenges

field studies: methods and applications in environmental research “field studies: methods and applications in environmental research” is a comprehensive guide designed for students, researchers, and practitioners venturing into the practical realm of environmental investigation. this book delves deep into the foundational methodologies that underpin successful fieldwork across a diverse range of ecological and environmental disciplines. from the initial stages of project design and hypothesis formulation to the meticulous execution of data collection and the rigorous analysis of findings, each chapter provides a step-by-step exploration of essential techniques. the introductory sections meticulously outline the principles of research design, emphasizing the importance of clearly defined objectives, appropriate sampling strategies, and the ethical considerations paramount in any environmental study. readers will gain a thorough understanding of various sampling techniques, including random sampling, stratified sampling, systematic sampling, and transect sampling, along with guidance on selecting the most suitable method based on research questions and the specific environment under investigation. the book also addresses the critical aspect of site selection, offering insights into criteria for choosing representative study areas and the challenges associated with accessing and working in diverse landscapes. a significant portion of the text is dedicated to the practicalities of data collection. it covers a wide array of field methods for assessing biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems. for terrestrial environments, readers will find detailed explanations of vegetation surveys, including methods for species identification, abundance estimation (e.g., cover, frequency, density), and community structure analysis using techniques like quadrats, transects, and point sampling. the book also explores forest inventory methods, such as basal area measurements and tree diameter at breast height (dbh) estimation, crucial for understanding forest dynamics and health. invertebrate and vertebrate fauna surveys are treated with equal depth. methodologies for insect sampling, including pitfall traps, sweep netting, and malaise traps, are described, alongside techniques for assessing terrestrial arthropod communities. for vertebrates, the book covers methods like direct observation, track and sign surveys, camera trapping, live trapping (with a strong emphasis on humane practices and ethical considerations), and acoustic monitoring. specific guidance is provided for avian surveys, including point counts, mist netting, and territory mapping, as well as for mammal surveys, encompassing scat analysis, pellet counts, and sign surveys. aquatic environments are not overlooked. the book offers detailed instructions on sampling methods for benthic macroinvertebrates, utilizing kick-sampling, grab sampling, and core sampling techniques, along with protocols for identifying and quantifying these crucial bioindicators. fish population assessment methods are thoroughly discussed, including electrofishing, netting (gill nets, seine nets), and creel surveys, providing insights into estimating population size, age structure, and growth rates. water quality monitoring receives extensive coverage, detailing methods for measuring physical parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and turbidity, as well as chemical parameters such as pH, nutrient levels (nitrates, phosphates), and the presence of specific pollutants. techniques for sampling and analyzing phytoplankton and zooplankton communities are also presented, highlighting their roles in aquatic ecosystem health. beyond biological and physical measurements, the book addresses other vital aspects of environmental fieldwork. soil sampling and analysis techniques are explained, covering methods for assessing soil texture, structure, pH, organic matter content, and nutrient availability, all critical for understanding soil health and its impact on vegetation. the application of remote sensing and geographic information systems (gis) in fieldwork is also explored, demonstrating how these technologies can be integrated to enhance data collection, spatial analysis, and the visualization of environmental patterns. readers will learn about using aerial imagery, satellite data, and gis software for tasks such as habitat mapping, land cover classification, and landscape change analysis, effectively bridging the gap between ground-truthing and broader spatial assessments. crucially, "field studies: methods and applications in environmental research" places a strong emphasis on data management and analysis. it guides readers through the process of organizing, cleaning, and storing collected data, introducing fundamental statistical concepts and analytical tools relevant to environmental research. topics covered include descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, regression analysis, analysis of variance (anova), and community analysis techniques like diversity indices and multivariate statistics. the book also provides practical advice on using statistical software packages commonly employed in environmental science. furthermore, the book addresses the logistical and practical challenges of fieldwork. it offers advice on essential equipment, safety protocols, emergency preparedness, and navigation techniques, recognizing that successful fieldwork requires more than just methodological knowledge. chapters are dedicated to navigating different terrains, managing weather-related risks, and ensuring personal safety in remote or potentially hazardous environments. the importance of maintaining accurate field notes, documenting all procedures, and adhering to rigorous scientific protocols throughout the data collection process is repeatedly stressed. "field studies: methods and applications in environmental research" is structured to be a valuable resource for a wide range of environmental research applications, including biodiversity monitoring, ecological impact assessments, conservation biology studies, watershed management, and pollution control initiatives. each chapter is enriched with case studies and examples drawn from real-world environmental research projects, illustrating the practical application of the discussed methodologies and demonstrating how effective fieldwork contributes to informed decision-making and sustainable environmental management. the book’s commitment to clear language, logical organization, and comprehensive coverage makes it an indispensable companion for anyone undertaking environmental fieldwork.

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