具体描述
Harry Wolcott, one of anthropology's leading writers on ethnographic methods, here addresses the nature of the ethnographic enterprise itself. Tracing its development from its disciplinary origins in sociology and anthropology, he helps the reader understand what is distinctive about ethnography and what it means to conduct research in the ethnographic tradition. In this engaging, thought-provoking book, he distinguishes ethnography as more than just a set of field methods and practices, separating it from many related qualitative research traditions as 'a way of seeing' through the lens of culture. For both beginning and experienced ethnographers in a wide range of disciplines, Wolcott's book will provide important ideas for improving research practice.
作者简介
Harry F. Wolcott is professor emeritus in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Oregon. He has been at the university since completing a PhD at Stanford in 1964 and has served on the faculties of the College of Education and the Department of Anthropology.
目录信息
INTRODUCTION
9
Where in the World Do You Think You Are Going?
19
A Personal Account
20
In Place of Place
24
Keeping Ethnography in Perspective
30
Spradley and McCurdys The Cultural Experience
34
Where Do You Think You Are Going?
38
A WAY OF LOOKING ANDA WAY OF SEEING
41
The Catchall Label
44
Experiencing Enquiring and Examining
46
Distinguishing Between Observers and Participant Observers
48
When Researchers Ask
51
Archival Strategies
58
The Appeal of an Ethnographic Approach to Research
61
Ethnography as a Way of Seeing
65
Ethnography as More than Method
67
What Is an Ethnographic Question?
68
Great Expectations or Mission Impossible?
74
More Expectations
77
Ethnography as Holistic or Contextual
78
Ethnography as CrossCultural and Comparative
82
Ethnography as Idiosyncratic
89
Thinking Broadly About Culture
90
Cultural Orientation
91
Cultural Knowhow
94
Cultural Beliefs
96
Culture and Ethnography Under Siege
98
REPRESENTING AND PRESENTING HUMAN SOCIAL LIFE
101
Ethnography by the Numbers 104
Replicating or Adapting an Existing Model 107
Combining Features from Several Models 110
Working from a Standard Plan 112
Proposing Ones Own Set of Categories 116
More Alternatives 120
The Introductory Text as Informal Field Guide 121
The Modular Approach 125
Meeting Ethnographic Criteria the LowRisK Way 127
Ethnography from Inside Out 131
How Critical Is Difference in Doing Ethnography? 132
Emic and Etic 136
Insiders and Outsiders 137
The Ethnographer Tells the Story of a People 138
The Ethnographer Helps People Tell Their Story 144
The Idea of Native Ethnography 146
Achieving Native Ethnography 149
The Native Goes Anthropologist 154
InformantCentered or PersonCentered Ethnography 156
The Anthropological Life History 159
A Widening Circle of Ethnographic Practices 169
Ethnography of the Self 170
The Anthropology of Experience 174
Ethnographic Evaluation 178
Critical Ethnography 181
Ethnographic Futures 183
Ethnographic Fiction 186
An EverWidening Circle 191
THE BIGGER PICTURE 197
How Having Too Much Time Can Work Against the Ethnographer 198
Working Within Rigorous Time Constraints 202
Ethnographic Reconnaissance 207
Suggestions for Incorporating Ethnographic Reconnaissance as a Research Strategy 210
Systematic Data Collection 214
Stepwise Research 217
Does It Matter Whether or Not Its Ethnography 219
Can You Do Ethnography Without Embracing the Culture Concept? 227
An Assignment to ThinkAbout 228
The New Ethnographer 237
Ethnography as a Piece of Cake 241
Analogy to the Rescue One More Time 244
Essential Ingredients and Ethnography 245
Adding In Culture 251
Cultural Patterning 255
Culture Revisited 257
A Piece of Cake? 262
Living the Ethnographic Life 265
Ethnographic Futures and the Future of Ethnography 266
Ethnography in the Professional Career 271
Ethnography as Occupation and Preoccupation 276
Everybody an Ethnographer? 280
Paying a Price for Living the Ethnographic Life 283
References and Select Bibliography 291
Name Index 319
Subject Index 325
Acknowledgments
About the AuthorAbout the Book
Copyright
· · · · · · (收起)
读后感
用户评价
说实话，我拿到这本书的时候，其实是抱着一种有些保守的期待，毕竟“民族志”这个词听起来就意味着枯燥的理论堆砌和生硬的数据分析。然而，这本书彻底颠覆了我的预想。它的文字极具画面感和生命力，与其说它是一部学术著作，不如说它是一部文学杰作。作者高超的笔触，将那些遥远而陌生的社群，描绘得如此亲切可感。书中对权力关系和象征符号的解析，深邃而不晦涩，他没有将复杂的理论抛诸脑后，而是将它们化为生动的案例，让理论像是自然生长在事实之中，而不是强行安插进去的骨架。最让我震撼的是，作者对于“观察者偏见”的坦诚讨论，他没有把自己塑造成一个全知全能的记录者，而是将自己置于被观察的位置，记录下自己与被研究对象之间产生的摩擦、误解和最终的和解。这种反思性的姿态，极大地增加了文本的可信度和深度，让整个研究过程充满了人性的张力。这本书的阅读过程，是一次对自我中心主义的温柔驱逐，让人不得不承认，我们所认为的“常识”，在人类文明的广阔图景中，不过是微不足道的角落一景。
评分这本《Ethnography》的文字简直是把人一下子拽进了那个未知的世界，仿佛我不是在阅读，而是在亲身经历一场场鲜活的田野调查。作者的叙事功力非凡，他并没有采用那种冷冰冰的学术腔调去罗列观察结果，而是巧妙地将复杂的文化现象编织进一个个引人入胜的故事里。我尤其欣赏他对细节的捕捉能力，那些关于当地人日常生活的微小习惯、他们特有的肢体语言，乃至他们看待世界的独特视角，都被描摹得栩栩如生。读到他们关于时间流逝的观念时，我甚至开始反思我们现代社会对“效率”的执念，产生了强烈的代入感和共鸣。这本书的结构处理得相当巧妙，它不是按部就班地介绍不同部族，而是通过一些核心的文化冲突点或生活仪式作为切入，引导读者深入理解背后的社会结构和信仰体系。这本书的阅读体验是沉浸式的，它挑战了我们固有的认知框架，迫使我们以一种更为谦卑和开放的心态去审视“他者”。那种仿佛身临其境，能闻到泥土和烟火气的文字描述，让人读完后久久不能平静，脑海中不断回放着那些异域的场景与人物的面孔。
评分我通常对需要耗费大量精力的书籍敬而远之，但《Ethnography》却有着一种奇特的魔力，让我甘愿沉溺其中，忘记了时间的流逝。这本书的叙事节奏把握得炉火纯青，它时而舒缓，如同夏日午后慵懒的藤蔓攀爬，细致描摹着某个仪式的前奏与铺垫；时而又陡然紧张，聚焦于那些改变社群命运的重大事件，比如一场突如其来的瘟疫或部落间微妙的权力更迭。作者对人类情感的描摹尤为细腻，那些跨越语言障碍、文化隔阂的真挚情感——无论是悲伤、喜悦还是无声的抗争——都透过文字的缝隙流淌出来，直抵人心最柔软的地方。我特别喜欢作者在处理信仰体系时的那种敬畏感，他没有急于去“解释”或“批判”那些非理性的行为，而是努力去“理解”它们在特定社会结构中的功能与意义。这本书的价值在于，它提供了一面多维度的镜子，让我们能以更具同理心的方式，去面对人类经验的复杂性与多样性，读完后感觉整个精神世界都被拓宽了不少。
评分我必须承认，这本书的开篇并不算“好读”，它要求读者拿出足够的耐心，去适应一种全新的语境和思维模式，这对于习惯了快餐式阅读的我来说，是一个小小的挑战。然而，一旦度过了最初的适应期，书中的魅力便如同一股暗流，将你牢牢吸附。作者对于社会变迁和文化适应的论述，尤其发人深省。他没有简单地将外部影响视为对传统文化的破坏，而是描绘了一幅动态的、充满张力的互动图景，展示了社群如何在冲击面前，进行创造性的调适与重构。书中对于口述历史的收集和呈现方式，堪称一绝，那些未经修饰的声音，比任何宏大的理论都能更直接地击中人心，让我们看到历史不是书本上的刻板记载，而是无数个体生命中真实发生的故事。这本书的伟大之处，在于它超越了单纯的学术记录，提供了一种极具人文关怀的视角，让我们得以窥见人类精神世界中那份永不磨灭的韧性与创造力，读完之后，你会由衷地感慨人类经验的丰富与广博。
评分这本书的阅读体验，与其说是“读”，不如说是“体验一次漫长而深邃的灵魂漫步”。作者的文字风格是极其克制而精准的，每一个词语的选择都似乎经过了千锤百炼，既保持了研究的严谨性，又避免了学院派的疏离感。我注意到，书中引用的访谈片段和直接的观察记录，被编排得如同精心打磨的诗歌，它们彼此呼应，共同构建出一个完整而充满张力的文化场域。不同于那些只关注“异域奇观”的读物，这本书真正深入到了日常生活的肌理之中，展示了生存的智慧是如何在最基本的衣食住行、家庭伦理乃至口头传说中得以维系和传承的。特别是关于亲属关系网络的那几章，那种精妙的逻辑和相互依存的结构，让我对人类社会构建的复杂性有了全新的认识。它不仅仅是记录了一个“他者”的生活，更是在以一种极为高级的叙事技巧，向我们展示了“人”是如何在任何给定环境中，创造出意义和秩序的。
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