Contents
INTRODUCTION
9
Where in the World Do You Think You Are Going?
19
A Personal Account
20
In Place of Place
24
Keeping Ethnography in Perspective
30
Spradley and McCurdys The Cultural Experience
34
Where Do You Think You Are Going?
38
A WAY OF LOOKING ANDA WAY OF SEEING
41
The Catchall Label
44
Experiencing Enquiring and Examining
46
Distinguishing Between Observers and Participant Observers
48
When Researchers Ask
51
Archival Strategies
58
The Appeal of an Ethnographic Approach to Research
61
Ethnography as a Way of Seeing
65
Ethnography as More than Method
67
What Is an Ethnographic Question?
68
Great Expectations or Mission Impossible?
74
More Expectations
77
Ethnography as Holistic or Contextual
78
Ethnography as CrossCultural and Comparative
82
Ethnography as Idiosyncratic
89
Thinking Broadly About Culture
90
Cultural Orientation
91
Cultural Knowhow
94
Cultural Beliefs
96
Culture and Ethnography Under Siege
98
REPRESENTING AND PRESENTING HUMAN SOCIAL LIFE
101
Ethnography by the Numbers 104
Replicating or Adapting an Existing Model 107
Combining Features from Several Models 110
Working from a Standard Plan 112
Proposing Ones Own Set of Categories 116
More Alternatives 120
The Introductory Text as Informal Field Guide 121
The Modular Approach 125
Meeting Ethnographic Criteria the LowRisK Way 127
Ethnography from Inside Out 131
How Critical Is Difference in Doing Ethnography? 132
Emic and Etic 136
Insiders and Outsiders 137
The Ethnographer Tells the Story of a People 138
The Ethnographer Helps People Tell Their Story 144
The Idea of Native Ethnography 146
Achieving Native Ethnography 149
The Native Goes Anthropologist 154
InformantCentered or PersonCentered Ethnography 156
The Anthropological Life History 159
A Widening Circle of Ethnographic Practices 169
Ethnography of the Self 170
The Anthropology of Experience 174
Ethnographic Evaluation 178
Critical Ethnography 181
Ethnographic Futures 183
Ethnographic Fiction 186
An EverWidening Circle 191
THE BIGGER PICTURE 197
How Having Too Much Time Can Work Against the Ethnographer 198
Working Within Rigorous Time Constraints 202
Ethnographic Reconnaissance 207
Suggestions for Incorporating Ethnographic Reconnaissance as a Research Strategy 210
Systematic Data Collection 214
Stepwise Research 217
Does It Matter Whether or Not Its Ethnography 219
Can You Do Ethnography Without Embracing the Culture Concept? 227
An Assignment to ThinkAbout 228
The New Ethnographer 237
Ethnography as a Piece of Cake 241
Analogy to the Rescue One More Time 244
Essential Ingredients and Ethnography 245
Adding In Culture 251
Cultural Patterning 255
Culture Revisited 257
A Piece of Cake? 262
Living the Ethnographic Life 265
Ethnographic Futures and the Future of Ethnography 266
Ethnography in the Professional Career 271
Ethnography as Occupation and Preoccupation 276
Everybody an Ethnographer? 280
Paying a Price for Living the Ethnographic Life 283
References and Select Bibliography 291
Name Index 319
Subject Index 325
Acknowledgments
About the AuthorAbout the Book
Copyright
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