Political Oppositions in Western Democracies pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2026

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出版者:Yale University Press

作者:Edited by Robert A. Dahl

出品人:

页数:484

译者:

出版时间:1966-3-11

价格:USD 47.00

装帧:Paperback

isbn号码:9780300094787

丛书系列:

图书标签:

民主
达尔
英文
民主政治
比较政治
政府反对派
政党选举
politics
政治对立
西方民主
政治学
比较政治
民主政治
反对派
政治制度
政治行为
公共政策
政治文化

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具体描述

The idea that the opposition has a right to organize and to appeal for votes against the government in elections and in parliament is one of the most important milestones in the development of democratic institutions. Mr. Dahl and nine collaborators analyze the role of the opposition in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United States. In introductory and concluding chapters, Dahl compares the patterns of opposition in these countries and makes predictions for the future. He carries forward on the basis of this evidence the theory of a pluralistic society he has explored in earlier books such as Who Governs?

《政治对立在西方民主国家》探索了现代西方社会中政治分歧的形成、演变及其深远影响。全书深入分析了政治对立不仅是一种现象，更是权力结构、文化认同与制度动态交织的产物。作者通过多案例研究，揭示了美国、英国、法国和德国等国家中不同形式的政治冲突，从选举争夺到政策辩论，再到社会运动中的对立情绪，展示了这些分歧如何嵌入民主体制之中并塑造公共话语。研究特别关注民粹主义崛起与传统政党体系的裂变过程。书中详细考察了经济不平等、移民问题及全球化带来的社会焦虑，说明这些结构性压力如何催生对立情绪，并被政治精英利用以动员支持者。在几次关键选举期间，本书回顾了言论极化与媒体生态的变化，强调社交网络如何放大对立，削弱理性对话空间。此外，作者探讨了身份政治在西方民主中的作用，分析种族、宗教与文化差异如何成为政治分裂的新导火索。通过比较不同国家的案例，本书指出，尽管具体表现形式各异，政治对立的核心常源于价值观冲突与群体归属感的争夺。这种对立不仅影响政策走向，也深刻改变公众对民主制度本身的信任。书中还审视了民主体制在应对政治极化中的困境，评估选举规则、政党组织与公民社会的适应能力。部分章节重点介绍了跨国合作与地方治理尝试，探索如何通过制度创新缓解分裂趋势。同时，本书重视基层运动与公民参与的潜力，强调包容性对话机制在重建共识中的关键作用。整体而言，《政治对立在西方民主国家》是一部融合历史、社会学与政治哲学的综合性分析，揭示现代民主面临的深层挑战，并提出理解当代政治分歧不可或缺的视角。

作者简介

Robert A. Dahl, Sterling Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Sr. Research Scientist Sociology, is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a corresponding member of the British Academy, and a past President of the American Political Science Association. His publications include Congress and Foreign Policy; Politics, Economics and Welfare (with C. E. Lindblom); A Preface to Democratic Theory; Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City; After the Revolution?; Polyarchy; Size and Democracy (with E. R. Tufte); Dilemmas of Pluralist Democracy; A Preface to Economic Democracy; Controlling Nuclear Weapons: Democracy Versus Guardianship; Democracy and Its Critics; Toward Democracy: A Journey; On Democracy; How Democratic is the American Constitution?, Politica e virtu' , La teoria democratica de nuovo secolo, After the Goldrush: Growing up in Skagway and On Political Equality.