Until the beginning of the twentieth century, Ameri-
can literature was, for the most part, the exclusive province of white writers
of Protestant origin, mostly male, mainly of the eastern seaboard, and
principally of British descent. They had such names as Mather, Edwards,
Franklin, Irving, Cooper, Emerson, Poe, Simms, Hawthorne, Melville,
Stowe, Whitman, Dickinson, Adams, and James. Such Huguenot names as
Freneau and Thoreau were exceptions to this generalization. As for geo-
graphical origin, more than half of those listed were born in Boston or New
York; the others first saw the light seventy miles or closer to the Atlantic
Ocean
Langh
Ohioi
Voices from the Middle West were not heard before Samuel
3rne Clemens and William Dean Howells emerged from Missouri and
~st before the Civil War, and both of these authors spent most of their
adult lives in the Northeast.
To a large degree these patterns were determined by the demographic
facts. British colonial settlement hugged the coast for two centuries before
venturing westward. Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Charleston--these
were the centers of literacy, education, and the publishing trade, all neces-
sary for the development of printed literature. After the Revolution, political
power was held almost exclusively by white males of Protestant back-
ground. WASP--White Anglo-Saxon Protestant--is more than a label; it is
an accurate identification of those who controlled the government of the
United States and wrote its books until the twentieth century. But ethno-
centrism (belief that one s own group is superior) was more than a reflection
of the historical process. It was also a doctrine consciously held, the
nationalist and racist narrowness of which unduly restricted for too long a
time our understanding of what constitutes the literature of the North
American continent or even of the landmass north of Mexico and south of
Canada. This is not to say that the fiction of Melville, James, and Heming-
way or the poetry of Whitman, Dickinson, and Frost should be in any way
neglected. It is to say that the oral and written literature of Native Ameri-
cans, the Spanish-speaking peoples of the Southwest, the Creoles and Cajuns
of the Louisiana territory, as well as the more recent literature of twentieth-
century immigrants from eastern and southern Europe should all be consid-
ered as part of our multicultural national heritage. Above all, attention is
due to the most copious, the oldest, the most historically significant, the
most socially relevant; and the most aesthetically satisfying, after the English
American, of all our national literatures--that of African Americans.
Some might argue that the oral literary tradition of African Americans
began with Estevanico, an African Spanish soldier in the troops of the
conquistador Coronado s 1540 expedition into what is now Arizona, New
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坦白说,我本来对这种“必备参考书”式的作品抱持着一丝怀疑,总觉得它们要么过于枯燥,要么就是故作高深。然而,当我真正开始使用这本工具书时,我才意识到自己错得有多离谱。它真正做到的,是用一种近乎艺术的方式,将浩如烟海的资料整理得井井有条,同时还保持着一种迷人的学术魅力。我曾经花了好几个小时,仅仅沉浸在其中一小块关于“战后南方黑人女性作家”的条目里,发现它不仅列出了她们的主要出版物,还细致地标注了不同版本的差异和早期评论家的观点。这种细致入微的处理,使得它超越了简单的“书目”范畴,上升到了“文化史档案”的层面。它让我认识到,原来在那些我们熟悉的经典背后,还隐藏着如此多同样有力量、只是缺乏足够曝光的女性声音。阅读它就像是进行一次深度的考古挖掘,每挖出一层,都能看到更坚实、更复杂的文化土壤,这对于提升我自身的批判性阅读能力,绝对是润物细无声的滋养。我甚至开始期待在下一次的阅读项目中,利用它提供的线索去寻找那些尘封已久、但潜力无限的早期小说。
评分这本书简直是文学爱好者的福音!我刚翻开它,就被那种深入骨髓的、对非裔美国文学历史的敬畏感所吸引。它不像是一本简单的参考书,更像是一位资深学者多年心血的结晶,将那些在主流视野中常被忽略的、却又至关重要的声音一一梳理出来。我尤其欣赏它在梳理作家谱系时的那种精妙平衡——既没有沉溺于那些耳熟能详的巨匠,也没有为了追求冷门而牺牲掉关键性的影响者。阅读过程中,我仿佛置身于一个庞大而精密的知识网络中,每条引文、每部作品的归档都像是一个精确校准的坐标点,指引着我对整个文学景观的理解。它不仅提供了作品列表,更重要的是,它构建了一种解读框架,让人能更深刻地理解这些作家的创作动机和社会背景的复杂交织。对于任何想要严肃研究美国当代小说,尤其是那些深刻探讨种族、身份和美国经验的叙事的人来说,这本书无疑是架在你书架上最坚固的基石。它的详尽程度让人可以毫不费力地追踪一位作家的创作轨迹,或者探索某个特定主题在不同年代是如何被反复吟唱和解构的,极大地拓宽了我对“美国小说”定义的认知边界。
评分如果说市面上有些参考书是为了一时之需而编写的“快餐”式工具,那么这本著作无疑是一部可以伴随我职业生涯成长的“传家宝”。它的深度和广度,意味着它几乎可以满足我在不同研究阶段的需求。当我还是一个初学者时,它提供了清晰的地图;而现在,当我试图去发掘那些被主流文学史遗漏的“边缘化”声音时,它依然能提供最可靠的、经过验证的线索。我尤其欣赏它在对那些具有争议性或跨界性的作品进行处理时的那种审慎态度,既不美化,也不简单地批判,而是提供了足够丰富的背景资料,让读者自行判断其历史地位和文学贡献。这本书体现了一种对文学遗产的深切责任感,它不仅仅在记录,更是在守护和传承。它的装帧和排版也十分考究,即便是作为日常翻阅的工具书,阅读体验也相当舒适,这在学术著作中是难能可贵的。总之,这是一部真正配得上“必备”二字的伟大工程。
评分我必须承认,这本书在学术界可能已经享有盛誉,但作为一个普通但热衷于文学的读者,我最初是有些畏惧的,生怕它过于晦涩难懂。然而,随着阅读的深入,我发现它的价值远不止于专业研究。它就像一把钥匙,解锁了理解美国叙事核心冲突的一扇大门。通过它提供的详尽信息,我开始能够将某些作品放入更宏大的历史语境中去审视——比如,某位作家在六十年代创作的关于城市移民的小说,在书中被放置于与同时代南方作家的作品的对比之下,我顿时明白了其独特的创新之处和它对后续文学潮流的影响。这种横向和纵向的对比分析能力,正是这本书潜移默化地教会我的。它不仅仅是告诉“谁写了什么”,更重要的是,它在引导读者思考“为什么是这样写,以及它如何改变了书写的方式”。它以一种极其冷静、客观的笔调,却能激发出读者对作品背后人物命运和时代精神的强烈共鸣,让人在知识的积累中,获得了情感上的升华。
评分这本书的编排逻辑简直是教科书级别的典范,它有一种令人心安的结构感。我是一个习惯于从宏观把握再深入细节的研究者,而这本书恰好满足了这种需求。它首先构建了一个清晰的年代划分和流派分类,这使得初入这个领域的读者可以迅速建立起对非裔美国文学发展脉络的基本认知,避免了在庞杂的作家名单中迷失方向。接着,在每一个细分领域内,它又展现出令人叹服的细致度,作品的收录标准似乎是经过了极其审慎的考量,确保了所列举的每一项都有其不可替代的学术价值。我特别欣赏它在处理跨媒体作品或那些影响了文学的口述传统时的开放态度,这表明编者并未将自己局限在纯粹的文本分析中,而是将“写作”视为一个更广阔的文化实践场域。对我个人而言,它极大地提高了我的研究效率,过去可能需要花费数周才能梳理出的早期影响链条,现在通过查阅索引和条目间的交叉引用,就能在半天内得到一个相当完备的框架。这对于任何需要快速启动深度研究项目的人来说,都是无价之宝。
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