A HUNDRED AND twenty-five years ago, a scientific orthodoxy<br >was being slowly spatchcocked together to provide for its age a<br >climate of opinion that was to linger long after. At the time<br >virtually nothing was known about the human brain, according<br >to the contemporary first edition of Gray s Anatomy, except that<br >people of intelligence had heavier and more capacious brains<br >than idiots. This was not a lot to go on. But it encouraged a pride<br > 0fbrain scientists, among them Samuel George Morton in Phila-<br > delphia and Paul Broca in Paris, to scurry through morgues and<br > infirmaries and collections of old bones and to measure there,<br > with seeds and shot and rule and ribbon, a wide variety of<br > ~human skulls. They arrived, virtually to a man, at the same<br > sonorous, reverberating conclusion. Women had a good deal<br > less native intelligence than men. In a pecking order achieved<br > through the measurement of brains, and even the hat sizes of<br > dead geniuses, white Anglo-Saxon Protestant males led the<br > field, followed by other northern Europeans, then Slavs, then<br > Jews, and, a long way further back, Negroes and savages bring-<br > ~o 23<br ><br >
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