馬剋吐溫，（Mark Twain l835～1910）

美國作傢。本名塞謬爾·朗赫恩·剋萊門斯。馬剋·吐溫是其筆名。齣生於密西西比河畔小城漢尼拔的 一個鄉村貧窮律師傢庭，從小齣外拜師學徒。當過排字工人，密西西比河水手、南軍士兵，還經營過木材 業、礦業和齣版業，但有效的工作是當記者和寫作幽默文學。 馬剋·吐溫是美國批判現實主義文學的奠基人，世界著名的短篇小說大師。他經曆瞭美國從“自由”資 本主義到帝國主義的發展過程，其思想和創作也錶現為從輕快調笑到辛辣諷刺再到悲觀厭世的發展階段。

Protestant missionaries in Latin America. Colonial "civilizers" in the Pacific. Peace Corps Volunteers in Africa. Since the 1890s, thousands of American teachers--mostly young, white, middle-class, and inexperienced--have fanned out across the globe. "Innocents Abroad" tells the story of what they intended to teach and what lessons they learned. Drawing on extensive archives of the teachers' letters and diaries, as well as more recent accounts, Jonathan Zimmerman argues that until the early twentieth century, the teachers assumed their own superiority; they sought to bring civilization, Protestantism, and soap to their host countries. But by the mid-twentieth century, as teachers borrowed the concept of "culture" from influential anthropologists, they became far more self-questioning about their ethical and social assumptions, their educational theories, and the complexity of their role in a foreign society. Filled with anecdotes and dilemmas--often funny, always vivid--Zimmerman's narrative explores the teachers' shifting attitudes about their country and themselves, in a world that was more unexpected and unsettling than they could have imagined.