芭芭拉．艾倫瑞剋Barbara Ehrenreich

1941年生，洛剋菲勒大學細胞生物學博士，《時代雜誌》專欄作傢，作品也常齣現在《哈潑》、《國傢》、《新共和》等重要刊物，是相當活躍的女性主義者與民主社會主義者。她齣身於礦工傢庭，就讀大學時受到反戰運動啟濛，於是放棄教職，投入寫作與社會運動，特別關注社會底層。她至今已齣版近二十本著作，包括紐約時報暢銷榜作品《我在底層的生活》、《M型社會白領的新試煉》。

A sharp-witted knockdown of America's love affair with positive thinking and an urgent call for a new commitment to realism.

Americans are a "positive" people - cheerful, optimistic, and upbeat: this is our reputation as well as our self-image. But more than a temperament, being positive, we are told, is the key to success and prosperity.

In this utterly original take on the American frame of mind, Barbara Ehrenreich traces the strange career of our sunny outlook from its origins as a marginal 19th-century healing technique to its enshrinement as a dominant, almost mandatory, cultural attitude. Evangelical mega-churches preach the good news that you only have to want something to get it, because God wants to "prosper" you. The medical profession prescribes positive thinking for its presumed health benefits. Academia has made room for new departments of "positive psychology" and the "science of happiness." Nowhere, though, has bright-siding taken firmer root than within the business community, where, as Ehrenreich shows, the refusal even to consider negative outcomes - like mortgage defaults - contributed directly to the current economic crisis.

With the mythbusting powers for which she is acclaimed, Ehrenreich exposes the downside of America's penchant for positive thinking: On a personal level, it leads to self-blame and a morbid preoccupation with stamping out "negative" thoughts. On a national level, it's brought us an era of irrational optimism resulting in disaster. This is Ehrenreich at her provocative best - poking holes in conventional wisdom and faux science, and ending with a call for existential clarity and courage.